The French Flashcards
(53 cards)
Which French monarch initiated explorations of the New World?
Francois I, 1515-1547
Who was the first to explore the New World for the French, and when?
Giovanni de Verrazano, 1524
Who led a French expedition to Pernambuco, Brazil, and when?
Bertrand d’Ornesan in 1531
When did Jacques Cartier set sail for the New World, and why?
- April 20, 1534
- hoped to discover the Northwest Passage, islands, lands, and gold
Where did Cartier’s first voyage take place?
sailed between L’anse aux Meadows and Red Bay, following the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence
What happened after Cartier hit a storm on his first voyage?
pushed into the Gaspe Bay, where he met about 300 Native Americans interested in trade
Who did Cartier kidnap on his first voyage, and why?
Chief Donnacona and his sons, Domagaya and Taignoagny to serve as guides
Where did Cartier’s second voyage take place?
hugged the banks of the St. Lawrence River, arriving in Stadacone and then Hochelaga
Why did Cartier return to Stadacone on his second voyage, despite rumors of gold further upriver?
running out of supplies
What happened on Cartier’s second voyage when his crew was forced to winter in the area?
they suffered from scurvy, but were aided by the Native Americans
What happened on Cartier’s second voyage when the Native Americans returned from a hunting expedition with others?
fearing an attack, Cartier took Domagaya and Taignoangy hostage and returns with them to France
When did Cartier’s third voyage take place, and what was the outcome?
- 1536
- does not find any gold but claims the land for France and forges alliances with Natives in the area
What kind of presence did the French have in the New World in the 1500s?
no settlements, but lots of fishing
What sort of archaeological evidence has substantiated 16th-century French exploration?
beads
What led to the fur trade in North America?
fishing
Quebec was founded by ___________________ in ____
Samuel de Champlain; 1609
When was Montreal founded, and for what purpose?
1642, religious enterprise
What city took over as the fur trade center?
Montreal
Who were the Coureurs de bois?
French fur traders who decided to go further inland by themselves to trade with the Natives using canoes and other boats
Which tribes did the Coureurs de bois encounter in the Pays d’en haut, and how did they interact? (3)
- Algonquin (allies)
- Huron (neutral)
- Iroquois (enemies to the Algonquin)
What happened to the Huron from 1649-1659?
they were destroyed by the Iroquois, who were allied with the English and the Dutch
How did the absence of the Huron affect the French?
Coureurs de bois became more important, but left their settlements vulnerable to attack for most of the year
How did the French government intervene in the fur trade in the late 1600s?
tried to curtail the trade, but it proved to be too profitable and the French settlers remained unprotected
Where had the French expanded by the early 1700s? (4)
- Ohio River
- Illinois River
- Mississippi River
- Lake Winnipeg
