The fundamental criteria of ethics

Question 1

Fundamental criteria of ethics

Answer 1

→ Axiological ethics

→ Consequential ethics

Question 2

Fundamental criteria of ethics

• Axiological ethics

Answer 2

greek → axion=worth

→ Moral principles that are constitutive of human being
- in the past were deemed eternal
- chanke overtime ( Kant)

→ Human must always seek for
- good
- just

→ Deontological ethics

→ Today secularised of religious tenets

→ Continental Europe culture

Question 3

Fundamental criteria of ethics

• Consequential ethics

Answer 3

Descend from utilitarism

→ moral value (or moral norm) depend on the consequences

→ No moral norm is good a priori

→ greater freedom of judgement of individuals

→ Anglo - Saxon culture

Question 4

Fundamental criteria of ethics

• Axiological ethics vs Consequential ethics

Answer 4

→ Axiological ethics
- stiff
- not easy to adapt in uncertain time
- DIGNITY OF LIFE
dignity is an inherent feature of those posses it

→ Consequential ethics
- more flexible
- sacrifice the few for the well-being of the many
- QUALITY OF LIFE
dignity is not stuctural characteristics of those who posses it, but they can acquire it or lose it

Question 5

Fundamental criteria of ethics

Meaning of persona

Answer 5

If a human is
→ someone
persona names a subject → human

→ something
persona indicates an objective property or characteristics that human also share → characteristics of a subject

Question 6

Fundamental criteria of ethics

Natural vs Artificial

Answer 6

If
- Natural is ethically valuable
Then artificial is inferior level (or non-living)

• Now artificial may rulo or recreate nature (Biotech etc.)

→ Nature is a polysemantic term
- biochemical structure → living beings
- ontological specificity of an individual living being
- environment hosting living beings (such as culture)