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BIO262 - oceanography > the global ocean > Flashcards

the global ocean Flashcards

1
Q

what % of earths surface is water

A

> 70%

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2
Q

what % of Earth surface is Oceanic

A

~60%

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3
Q

what part of the water are almost all viable (energy production > respiration) communities located + what organisms dominate these

A

surface waters
plankton

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4
Q

how many oceans can we sub divide the global ocean to and what are they

A

5
atlantic, arctic, pacific, Indian, southern

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5
Q

Atlantic ocean characteristics

A
  • Our local
  • Between American + Euro/African land masses
  • Mid Atlantic ridge
  • Full latitudinal ocean
  • Characterised by two distinct basins
  • Eels known to breed in North Atlantic basin
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6
Q

Arctic ocean characteristics

A
  • Massive light/dark variation – cause ice to melt / form
  • Ice coverage - major element in ocean circulation
  • Things are changing…
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7
Q

Pacific ocean characteristics

A
  • Largest single water mass on planet
  • Northern + southern circular currents
  • Various tectonic features – the ring of fire
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8
Q

Indian ocean characteristics

A
  • Several tectonic features crisscross the basin
  • Major atolls include Maldives and Chagos islands
  • No northern element
  • Increased control of land weather conditions on water movement
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9
Q

Southern ocean characteristics

A
  • Circles the Antarctic continent reaching the southern tip of other continents
  • No longitudinal boundaries
  • Constant, unblocked circular current – no land to block wind – get really high waves
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10
Q

definition of seas

A

sub sections of oceans - usually enclosed to some extent by land
- generally on the continental shelf and have strong interactions with inputs coming from the land

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11
Q

why is the Mediterranean sea warm + salty

A

close to africa + a lot of the water evaporates off

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12
Q

what are the 6 main seas

A

Black sea
North Sea
Baltic Sea
Caribbean sea
Red sea
Dead Sea

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13
Q

Black sea characteristics

A
  • An almost completely landlocked sea
  • Water movement only through the Bosporus in Istanbul
  • Deep anoxic water underlying warm surface waters
  • Major fresh water input through the Danube
  • Sea of Azov rapidly disappearing due to extraction and climate change
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14
Q

North Sea characteristics

A
  • Semi open shallow sea with two major routes to the wider Atlantic
  • Major riverine inflows from the UK and continental Europe
  • One of the busiest shipping areas in the world
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15
Q

Baltic sea characteristics

A
  • Low salinity sea enclosed by land
  • Water transfer through the Skagerrak, water flow mainly out of the Baltic into the North Sea
  • In many ways an extremely large estuary
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16
Q

Carribean sea characterstics

A
  • A shallow, equatorial sea
  • Open to the wider Atlantic
  • Generally low suspended sediment load, allows growth of coral species
  • Thought to be the impact site of the asteroid which resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs
17
Q

Red Sea characteristics

A
  • A narrow sea between the African + Asian continents
  • Variable depth, with large shallow areas
  • Very little riverine input - clear waters
  • Diverse coral reefs
  • Major input of nutrients is through deposition of dust from bordering deserts
18
Q

Dead Sea characteristics

A
  • hypersaline lake
  • Input is through the Jordan river
  • No outflow from the Sea
  • Salinity is ~10 times open sea - Density of water much higher than elsewhere – things float better
  • Very little life
19
Q

5 layers of the ocean

A
  1. epipelagic
  2. mesopelagic
  3. bathypelagic
  4. abyssalpelgaic
  5. hadopelagic
20
Q

neritic meaning

A

live at shallow water near coast

21
Q

pelagic meaning

A

live in open waters away from sea bed an shore

22
Q

what are the 3 ocean zones by light

A
  1. euphotic zone (sea level): receives sunlight - barely penetrates below this zone
  2. dysphotic zone (200m): decreased sunlight - photosynthesis not possible
  3. aphotic zone (1000m+): complete darkness - includes bathypelagic zone onwards
23
Q

coastal influence of ocean zones

A
  • Most of the oceans are ones with no clear bottom – tend to be the regions where any sort of input from land is fairly minimal
24
Q

what determine nutrients of ocean zones

A
  • water movements on the surface from different directions
  • water movement from the deep water coming upwards which brings nutrients with it

BIO262 - oceanography (13 decks)

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