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Anatomy Test 3 > The Gluteal Region > Flashcards

The Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Greater Sciatic Foramen (all exit)

A 
Gluteal neurovascular bundles
Piriformis m.
Sciatic nerve
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous n.
Pudendal n. and internal pudendal a. 
Obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve
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2
Q

Lesser sciatic foramen

A 
Pudendal n. and internal pudendal artery (enter)
Obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve (enter)
Obturator internus (exit)
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3
Q

Ligaments that form the greater sciatic foramen and lesser sciatic foramen

A

Sacrospinous ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament

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4
Q

Nerves of the Gluteal Region

A 
Cluneal nerves (cutaneous)
Deep nerves (Sacral plexus branches -- leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen)
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5
Q

Superior and Middle Cluneal Nerves

A

Lateral branches of dorsal rami

Supply superior 2/3; Sacrum and adjacent area

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6
Q

Inferior Cluneal Nerve

A

Gluteal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-S3 ventral rami branches)
Supply inferior 1/3

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7
Q

Superior Gluteal Nerve Location

A

Leaves pelvis superior to piriformis with superior gluteal artery.
Runs between gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

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8
Q

What does the Superior Gluteal Nerve innervate?

A

Supplies gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae

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9
Q

Inferior Gluteal Nerve Location

A

Leaves pelvis inferior to piriformis with inferior gluteal artery

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10
Q

What does the Inferior Gluteal Nerve innervate?

A

Supplies gluteus maximus

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11
Q

Largest nerve in the body

A

Sciatic Nerve

L4-S3 ventral rami

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12
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve leave the pelvis?

A

Inferior to piriformis

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13
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve run?

A

Runs inferiorly deep to gluteus maximus

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14
Q

Where does the Sciatic nerve divide? What does the sciatic nerve divide into?

A

Divides about half way down thigh.

Divides into tibial and common fibular nerves

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15
Q

Posterior Hip Dislocation

A

Can cause damage to the sciatic nerve.
May result in paralysis of hamstrings and muscles distal to the knee.
Sensory change may occur in skin over the posterolateral aspects of leg and most of foot

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16
Q

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

A

S1-S3

Supplies more skin than any other cutaneous nerve

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17
Q

Quadratus Femoris/Inferior Gemellus Nerve

A

L4-S1 Ventral Rami

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18
Q

Obturator Internus/Superior Gemellus Nerve

A

L5-S2 Ventral Rami
Leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
Reenters pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen

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19
Q

Pudendal Nerve

A

Anterior divisions of S2-S4 ventral rami
Most medial structure exiting greater sciatic foramen.
Reenters pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen to supply perineal structures.

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20
Q

Arteries of the Gluteal Region (Branches arise from the internal iliac artery)

A

Superior gluteal art.
Inferior gluteal art.
Internal pudendal art.

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21
Q

Superior gluteal artery

A

Largest internal iliac artery branch
Superficial branch: Gluteus maximus
Deep branch: Gluteus medius, minimus, tensor fascia lata

22
Q

Inferior Gluteal Artery Supplies:

A

Gluteus maximus
Small lateral rotators
Superior hamstrings

23
Q

Cruciate anastomosis components:

A

Transverse branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery.
Terminal part of the transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery.
First perforating artery
The inferior gluteal artery

24
Q

Internal Pudendal Artery

A

Reenters pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen with pudendal nerve.
Supplies perineal muscles and ext. genitalia.
Does not supply any gluteal structures.

25
Q

Where should intragluteal injections be made?

A

In the supero-lateral part of gluteal region in order to avoid the sciatic nerve and other gluteal nerves and vessels

26
Q

Largest Gluteal Muscle

A

Gluteus Maximus

27
Q

Actions of Gluteus Maximus

A

Chief extensor of the thigh and lateral rotation

Slight extension of leg when working with tensor fascia lata

28
Q

Innervation of Gluteus Maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

29
Q

The gluteus maximus partially covers what two muscles?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus (medius over minimus)

30
Q

Actions of the Gluteus Medius and Minimus

A

Thigh abduction and medial rotation (particularly gluteus minimus)

31
Q

Innervation of Gluteus Medius and Minimus

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

32
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata is enclosed by:

A

Fascia lata

33
Q

Innervation of Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5-S1)

34
Q

Actions of Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh

Slight extension of knee along with the gluteus maximus

35
Q

Where does the Iliotibial tract run?

A

Runs from iliac tubercle to a tubercle (Gerdy’s) on lateral tibial condyle

36
Q

What reinforces the Iliotibial tract?

A

Tendinous fibers from tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus

37
Q

Functions of the Iliotibial tract

A

Assists in decelerating adduction of thigh.
Laterally stabilizes knee.
Extends leg, compensates for quadriceps paralysis via gluteus maximus flexion.
Pulls patella laterally, antagonist of vastus medialis, and synergist with flexing vastus lateralis for this action.

38
Q

What can be treated by stretching the iliotibial tract?

A

Chondromalacia patella

39
Q

Causes of Gluteal gait or limp/Positive Trendelenburg’s sign

A

Superior gluteal nerve injury

40
Q

Effect of gluteal gait or limp/Positive Trendelenburg’s sign

A

Patient loses steadying action of gluteus medius and minimus

41
Q

Where is the Piriformis in regards to the Gluteus Maximus and Gluteus Medius?

A

Deep to Gluteus Maximus

Medial to Gluteus Medius

42
Q

The Piriformis demarcates:

A

Gluteal blood vessels and nerves

43
Q

Where does the Obturator Internus leave the pelvis?

A

Through the lesser sciatic foramen

44
Q

Superior and Inferior Gemelli

A

“Twins”
“Extrapelvic parts of obturator internus”
With obturator internus, form the “triceps coxae”

45
Q

Where is the Obturator Externus

A

Deep to pectineus

46
Q

Attachments of the Obturator Externus

A

External margins of obturator foramen

Trochanteric fossa

47
Q

Innervation of Obturator Externus

A

Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

48
Q

Short rotator muscles of the hip

A 
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
49
Q

Which of the small lateral rotators is least effective when the thigh is flexed?

A

Quadratus femoris

50
Q

Bursae of the Gluteal Region

A

Ischial bursa
Trochanteric bursa
Gluteofemoral bursa

Anatomy Test 3 (8 decks)

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