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Myth And Religion GCSE Classical Civilisation > The Gods Roman and Greek > Flashcards

The Gods Roman and Greek Flashcards

1
Q

Pantheon

A

A term used to speak of all the gods collectively

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2
Q

Iconography

A

The symbols attached to a particular character when represented in an image

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3
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

Giving human form of atributes to something that is otherwise not human

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4
Q

Epithet

A

An adjectival word or phrase regularly added to a name to denote a personal or physical quality

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5
Q

Chthonic

A

Relating to the gods that were connected with the earth and the underworld

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6
Q

Cornucopia

A

A horn shell that contained an endless supply of food and drink

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7
Q

Diadem

A

A crown often associated with gods or kings

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8
Q

Aegis

A

The breastplate or shield of Athena that contained an image of a gorgon in the centre

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9
Q

Acropolis

A

The highest point in a Greek city usually reserved for religious buildings

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10
Q

Caduceus

A

A traveller’s staff

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11
Q

Thyrsus

A

A staff associated with the god Dionysus, which was tipped with a pine cone; it could also be interwined with ivy

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12
Q

Maenads

A

Female followers of Dionysus

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13
Q

Seer

A

a person who is reputed to be able to see the future

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14
Q

Etruscans

A

it is believed that they inhabited Italy from at least the ninth/eight century BC.
Well established by Rome’s founding

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15
Q

Hellenes

A

a collective name for the Greeks

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16
Q

Magna Graecia

A

‘Great Greece’, the term used to describe the region of southern Italy and Sicily where there were many independent Greek cities

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17
Q

Sarcophagus (pl. Sarcophagi)

A

a stone coffin, especially one bearing sculpture and inscriptions

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18
Q

Plebeians

A

the lowest social class of Romans, making up the majority of the Roman populatoin

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19
Q

Cerealia

A

a major festival in honour of Ceres held in Rome every year between 12th and 19th April

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20
Q

Vulcanalia

A

A festival held in Rome each year on 23rd August in honour of the god vulcan

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21
Q

Actium

A

port on the west coast of Greece, it is now called Preveza

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22
Q

Votive

A

an offering to the gods

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23
Q

Lararium

A

a small shrine to the household gods (Lares) that was found in Roman homes

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24
Q

Bacchanalia

A

A Roman festival in honour of Bacchus

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25
Q

Hydra

A

a many-headed serpent monster

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26
Q

hind

A

a deer

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27
Q

Pithos (pl. pithoi)

A

a large clay storage jar

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28
Q

Pisa

A

a town near Olympia in the Greek Peloponnese

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29
Q

Linchpin (pl. linchpins)

A

a fastener used to stop a wheel from coming off its axis

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30
Q

Pediment

A

triangular area at the top of each end of a temple, which could contain a sculpture

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31
Q

metope (pl. metopes)

A

square decorative spaces that ran around a Doric temple and could contain sculpture

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32
Q

Tiber

A

the main river running through Rome

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33
Q

Pallas

A

A Giant who fought against the gods, not to be confused with Evander;s son, also called Pallas, or with Athene when called Pallas Athene

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34
Q

Centaur

A

a mythical creature with the upper body of a man and the lower body of a horse

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35
Q

pyre

A

a funderal mound made of wood on which to cremate a body

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36
Q

Semi-engaged column

A

a supporting column that is embedded in a wall, half protruding from it

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37
Q

Pax deorum

A

the peace of the gods

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38
Q

Pontifex (pl. pontifices)

A

a Roman priest in charge of protecting temples, regulating religious law and overseeing the religious calendar

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39
Q

Pontifex Maximus

A

the head of the pontiffs, the greatest pontiff. The post was orgininally elected from the pontifices, but during the empire it was always held by the Emperor.

40
Q

Vestal (pl. vestals)

A

female priests in charge of the cult of the goddess Vesta

41
Q

Mola salsa

A

a mix of salt and flour made by the by the Vestal Virgins in Rome and sprinkled on the heads of sacrificial victimes

42
Q

Haruspex (pl. haruspices)

A

a Roman priest who read omens from entrails

43
Q

augur

A

A priest who read omens from the behavior of animals and direction of thunder. The taking of augers was commonly before a battle, marriage, or business transaction

44
Q

Lituus

A

staff used by a Roman auger

45
Q

Popa

A

an official at a Roman sacrifice who struck the scrificial animal with a wooden rod to stun it

46
Q

Cultrarius (Roman)

A

an official at a sacrifice who slit the throat of the sacrificial animal

47
Q

Rotunda

A

a round Roman building, especially one with a dome

48
Q

Oculus

A

a circular opening at the top of a dome

49
Q

The Lapith

A

a mythical race of men based in Thessaly, Northern Greece

50
Q

Centauromachy

A

a mythical battle between the centaurs and Lapiths

51
Q

kylix

A

a drinking cup

52
Q

attica

A

the region around Athens in south eastern Greece

53
Q

patronage

A

the provision of help and support

54
Q

lot

A

The random drawing of a name from a pot.
English idiom: “that’s your lot!”

55
Q

Gaul

A

a Roman province to the west of the Alps encompassing much of modern-day France and northern Italy

56
Q

Public penates

A

sacred objects dedicated to the city

57
Q

Pietas

A

the most important heroic quality in the Aeneid, a Roman virtue that means ‘sense of duty’ and applies to a man’s duty towards his family, gods, and city
ENGLISH- “piety”

58
Q

panathenaia

A

an annual Athenian festival celebrating Athena’s birthday

59
Q

Great Panathenaia

A

an Athenian festival to Athena that took place every four years and contained more athletic and literary competitions that the annual Panathenaia

60
Q

rhapsode (pl. rhapsodes)

A

someone who recites epic poetry at a festival competition

61
Q

panathenaic amphora (pl amphorae)

A

storage jars containing olive oil given as prizes at the Great Panathenaia

62
Q

apobates

A

in Greek means dismounter – a chariot race in which the rider would dismount and remount his chariot while driving

63
Q

peplos

A

a Greek dress

64
Q

Eleutherae

A

a town on the northern border of Attica

65
Q

eponymous archon

A

an Athenian magistrate elected for one year (eponymous meaning that the civil year was named after him)

66
Q

choregos

A

chorus director – the financial backer of a set of plays at the City Dionysia in Athens

67
Q

dithyramb

A

a choral dance in honour of the god Dionysus

68
Q

pompe

A

a grand procession

69
Q

komos

A

meaning revel – a party that took place in the streets in honour of the god Dionysus

70
Q

libation

A

a drink offering poured in honour of the gods

71
Q

theoric fund

A

a supply of money that was used to pay for the poor to attend the theatre in ancient Athens

72
Q

lupercus

A

a roman god of fertility and purification

73
Q

luperci

A

a priest of Lupercus

74
Q

noble

A

a member of the upper class in Rome

75
Q

Lupercal

A

the cave in the Palatine Hill of Rome where the Lercallia took place

76
Q

Amazons

A

a mythical race of women from Asia Minor

77
Q

Asia Minor

A

the western two thirds of modern Turkey

78
Q

Amazonomachy

A

mythic battle between the Greeks and Amazons

79
Q

consul

A

the most important public official in Rome after the emperor; two consuls were elected annually

80
Q

Hispania

A

a Roman province covering the area of Spain

81
Q

Hiera and religio

A

Ancients did not have a word for religion
Greeks used hiera ‘holy affairs’
Romans used religio ‘the correct worship of the gods’

82
Q

prothesis

A

during the preparation of the body in Greece, the deceased were laid out for two days to receive mourners

83
Q

lament

A

a passionate expression of grief or sorrow

84
Q

ekphora

A

the funeral procession in Greece

85
Q

Kerameikos

A

an area of Athens that included the main burial ground outside the city

86
Q

stele (pl. stelai)

A

stone slabs often with carvings commonly used as tombstones

87
Q

Anthesteria

A

3 day Greek festival to Dionysus and the dead
Late January, early Febuary

88
Q
A
89
Q

Genesia

A

A Greek festival to the dead ancestors celebrated in late September

90
Q

funeral club

A

a social club set up to support the less wealthy members of Roman society

91
Q

Atrium

A

main room of the Roman domus where the family received friends and clients

92
Q

funerary mask

A

a mask made by placing wax on the deceased face to take their image. When it was dry, it was taken off and stored in the family shrine

93
Q

Manes

A

Meaning ‘the deified ancestors’ were the spirits of the dead in the Roman World

94
Q

oral tradition

A

the passing on of information by word of mouth

95
Q

Muse

A

nine sister goddesses who presided over various arts

96
Q

taenarus

A

the traditional entrance to the underworld in the south of the Peloponnese

Myth And Religion GCSE Classical Civilisation (15 decks)

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