The GPHC Basics Flashcards
(17 cards)
Which common medications are Nephrotoxic?
NAVALMAT
N – NSAIDs
A – Aminoglycosides
V – Vancomycin
A – ACEI/ARBs
L – Lithium
M – Methotrexate
A – ACEI/ARBs (again, or use as “Allopurinol” optionally)
T – Tacrolimus
WHich drugs can cause ototoxicity ?
CLAV
Cisplatin
Aminoglycosides
Loop diuretics (IV)
Vancomycin
Which medications cause a risk of CNS depression ?
Benzodiazepines
Opioids
Antiepileptics such as Pregabalin
What are the antidotes for the following: Alcohol withdrawal
Anticholinergics
Apixaban
Aspirin
Benzodiazepine
Beta Blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Carbon monoxide
Cyanide
Chlolinergic drugs
Dabigatran
Heparin
Digoxin
Ethylene glycol
Insulin
Iron
Methanol
Paracetamol
Opioid/narcotic analgesics
Methotrexate
Rivaroxaban
Tricyclic antidepressants
Warfarin
What are the antidotes for the following:
Alcohol withdrawal - Chlordiazepoxide
Anticholinergics - Physostigmine salicylate
Apixaban - Andexanet alfa
Aspirin - Sodium bicarbonate
Benzodiazepine - Flumazenil
Beta blockers - Glucagon
Calcium channel blockers - Calcium chloride/ gluconate
Carbon monoxide - Oxygen
Cyanide - Sodium thiosulfate
Cholinergic drugs - Atropine
Dabigatran - Idarucizumab
Heparin - Protamine
Digoxin - Digoxin-Specific Antibody
Ethylene glycol - Fomepizole
Insulin - Glucose
Iron - Desferrioxamine mesilate
Methanol - Ethanol
Paracetamol - Acetylcysteine
Opioids/narcotics analgesics - Naloxone
Methotrexate - Folinic acid
Rivaroxaban - Andexanet alfa
TCAs - Activated charcoal
Warfarin - Vitamin K
What are the common enzyme inducers?
BS CRAP GPS
Barbituates
St Johns Wort
Carbamazepine
Rifampicin
Alcohol/amiodarone
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbitone
Sulphonylureas
What are the common enzyme inhibitors?
Sodium valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Alcohol & Grapefruit juice
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
What are the symptoms of hyperkalaemia
MURDER
Muscle weakness
Urine- obliguria, anuria
Respiratory distress
Decreased cardiac contractility
ECG changes- arrhythmia
Reflexes- hyperreflexia
Also:
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Low blood pressure
how can you remember medications that cause high potassium
“THAT BAD PICK”
Trimethoprim
Heparin
ACE inhibitors
Tacrolimus
Beta blockers
Aldosterone antagonists
Digoxin
Potassium supplements
I: Immunosuppressants (Ciclosporin)
Co-trimoxazole
K-sparing diuretics
OR
Thanks B
Trimethoprim
heparin
Ace/Arb/ARNIs
Nsaids
K+ Sparing
Beta-blockers
What medications cause Hypernatraemia?
Osmotic diuretics
Sodium chloride
Sodium bicarbonate
Corticosteroids
Anabolic steroids
Androgens
Oestrogens
What are the common medications that cause of hyponatraemia?
“SALT CHAPPA”
Sulphonylureas
Antidepressants
Loop diuretics
Thiazides
Carbamazepine
Heparin
Amphotericin
PPIs
Psychotics (Antipsychotics)
ACE inhibitors
What colour do the following medications turn urine? (BNF)
triamterene
levodopa
rifampicin
Co danthrusate
Co danthramer
Nitrofurantoin
Entacapone
Phenindione
idebenone
Sulfasalazine
(Ferrous sulphate, ferrous
gluconate, ferrous
fumerate - brown)
Senna
Nefopam
metronidazole
triamterene (blue under some lights)
levodopa (dark reddish)
rifampicin (red).
Co danthrusate - (urine orange) This medicine may colour your urine. This is harmless
Co danthramer - (urine red) - This medicine may colour your urine. This is harmless
Nitrofurantoin - urine may be coloured yellow or brown
Entacapone - colour urine reddish-brown
Phenindione - may turn urine pink or orange
idebenone may cause red-brown discolouration of the urine
Sulfasalazine - yellow discolouration of body fluid
Ferrous sulphate, ferrous
gluconate, ferrous
fumerate - brown
Senna - Yellow or red-brown
Nefopam - Pink
metronidazole - Dark yellow – Brown (darkens urine)
What is the order of Risk of GI bleeds with NSAIDs
GI risk: (high) Piroxicam, Ketoprofen, Ketorolac —> (intermediate) Indometacin,
Diclofenac, Naproxen —>(low) Ibuprofen 1.2g/day
—> (lowest) COX-2 selective
inhibitors (““coxibs - Etoricoxib/Celecoxib “”)
What are the effects on electrolytes from the 3 diuretic classes?
Loop Diuretic - Hypokalaemia, Hypomagnesia, Hypocalcaemia, Hyponatraemia
Thiazide diuretics - hypokalemia, hyponatraemia, hypomagnesia, Hypercalcaemia
Aldorsterone - Hyperkalaemia, Hyponatraemia, Hypomagnesemia, hypocalcaemia
WHat are the common drugs that cause QT prolongation?
ABCDEF
Anti-Arrhythmics - Sotalol, Flecainide, Amiodarone
Anti-Biotics - Macrolides, Fluroquinolones
Anti-psyChotics - Haloperidol, Risperidone,
Quetiapine
Anti-Depressants - TCAs, SSRIs (Citalopram- greatest
risk!)
Anti-Emetics - Ondansetron, Metoclopramide,
Promethazine
Anti-Fungals - Fluconazole, Itraconazole
Others: Donepezil, Methadone, Chloroquine, Quinine,
Which medications are affected by smoking?
COW FART M
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Warfarin
Flecainide
Aminophylline
Riociguat
Theophylline
Methadone
Smoking induces CYP1A2, which lowers levels of many drugs metabolised by it.
If a patient stops smoking, the levels of these drugs can increase, risking toxicity
WHat drugs cause Hypokalaemia
ABCDEI
Amiophylline/theophyline
Beta agonists/ salbutamol
Corticosteroids
Diuretics - loop & thiazide
Erythromycin & clarithromycin
I Insulin
what antiepileptic drugs can be given once a day at bedtime?
LP3
- lamotrigine
- perampanel
- phenobarbital
- phenytoin
