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Spinal Anatomy Exam 3 > The Head > Flashcards

The Head Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Excluding the auditory ossicles, how many bones form the skull?

A

22 bones

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2
Q

How many bones form the neurocranium?

A

8 bones

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3
Q

What bones form the neurocranium?

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid

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4
Q

How many bones form the facial skeleton?

A

14 bones

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5
Q

What bones form the facial skeleton?

A

mandible, vomer, nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, palatine, and zygomatic

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6
Q

What are the four subclassifications of synarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

A

suture, gomphosis, schindylesis and syndesmosis

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7
Q

What were the five types of suture based on Latin groupings?

A

serrate, denticulate, limbous, squamos, and harmonia

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura vera (true sutures)?

A

sutures demonstrating interlocking of the adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by intramembranous ossification

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9
Q

What are the characterisitics of sutura notha (false sutures)?

A

sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification

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10
Q

What were the classifications of sutura vera (true sutures) based on Latin groupings?

A

serrate, denticulate, and limbous

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11
Q

What were the classifications of sutura notha (false sutures) based on Latin groupings?

A

squamos and harmonia

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12
Q

What are the typical examples of the plane suture or harmonia suture?

A

cruciate suture made up of the intermaxillary, interpalatine, and palatomaxillary sutures

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13
Q

What are the examples of the schindylesis type of suture?

A

sphenoid-ethmoid-vomer articulation, the palatine-maxilla-vomer articulation

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14
Q

What are the examples of the gomphosis joint?

A

maxilla-root of tooth; mandible-root of tooth

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15
Q

What are the five views of the skull called?

A

norma verticalis, norma frontalis, norma occipitalis, norma lateralis, norma basalis

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16
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with both parietal bones?

A

the anterior fontanelle

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17
Q

What is the posterior fontanelle?

A

the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones

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18
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones?

A

the posterior fontanelle

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19
Q

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

piriform aperture

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20
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

A

canine eminence

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21
Q

What forms a bullet-like chin?

A

a large mental protuberance

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22
Q

What forms an indented chin?

A

well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

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23
Q

What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?

A

the inion

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24
Q

What bones form the pterion?

A

parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and frontal bones

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25
What points on the skull are used to measure skull size?
the nasion, vertex, inion, and gnathion
26
What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?
the nasion, vertex, and inion
27
The olfactory nerve exits the cranial vault via what opening?
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
28
What passes through the foramen cecum?
an emissary vein
29
What is the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?
lesser wings, anterior clinoid processes and spehnoidal jugum of sphenoid bone
30
What are the parts of the sella turcica?
anterior clinoid processes, sphenoidal jugum, posterior clinoid processes, dorsum sella, and hypophysial fossa of sphenoid bone
31
What neuronal structure is located in front of the hypophysis cerebri or pituitary gland?
optic chiasmata
32
What are the contents of the optic canal?
the optic nerve and opthalmic artery
33
What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?
the opthalmic veins, the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and the abducent nerve
34
Which single opening will allow the exit of the greatest number of cranial nerves?
the superior orbital fissure
35
What are the contents of the foramen rotundum?
the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve Vb)
36
What will the foramen ovale communicate with?
the middle cranial fossa and the infratemporal region
37
What are the contents of the foramen ovale?
the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Vc) and the lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
38
What will the foramen spinosum communicate with?
the middle cranial fossa and the infratemporal region
39
What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?
the nervus spinosus from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and the middle meningeal artery
40
What will the foramen lacerum communicate with in the living person?
it crosses between parts of the middle cranial fossa; it is not a major exit from the skull as would be suggested by the dry skull
41
What are the contents of the foramen lacerum?
the internal carotid artery, the carotid sympathetic nerve plexus, and a venous plexus
42
What are the contents of the hiatus for the greater (superficial) petrosal nerve?
the greater (superficial) petrosal nerve, a branch of the facial nerve
43
What will the vidian canal/pterygoid canal communicate with?
the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa
44
What opening allows a branch of cranial nerve VII to enter the pterygopalatine fossa from the middle cranial fossa?
the vidian canal/pterygoid canal
45
What are the contents of the hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve?
the lesser petrosal nerve, a branch of the tympanic plexus from the glossopharyngeal nerve
46
How will the lesser petrosal nerve typically exit the middle cranial fossa?
the foramen ovale
47
What will the foramen ovale communicate with?
the middle cranial fossa and infratemporal region
48
What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?
the tentorium cerebelli
49
What part of the cerebrum occupies the posterior cranial fossa?
none; the tentorium cerebelli seperates the cerebrum into a space above the posterior cranial fossa
50
What part of the central nerve system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?
the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata
51
What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?
cranial nerves VII (facial nerve) and VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve), the nervus intermedius/nerve of Wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII, the vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII and the internal auditory/internal labryinthine artery and vein
52
What are the contents of the jugular foramen?
the jugular bulb, the inferior petrosal sius, the tympanic body/tympanic glomus of jugular body/jugular glomus, cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus) and XI (spinal accessory)
53
What can the five layers of the scalp spell?
Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose connective tissue, Periosteum.... SCALP
54
What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?
Internal carotid and external carotid artery branches
55
Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?
all 3 divisions: opthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve
56
Which ventral rami nerve(s) and cord levels of origin supply the scalp?
greater auricular nerve - C2, C3 ventral rami branches; lesser occipital nerve - C2 (C3) ventral rami branches
57
Which dorsal ramus nerve branch (name and cord level of origin) supplies the scalp?
greater occipital nerve - C2, C3 communicating ramus
58
Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?
Orbicularis oris, procerus, and risorius
59
What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?
Branchial efferent (BE)
60
Most of the seventh cranial nerve will exit the skull via what opening?
the stylomastoid foramen
61
Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the face?
all 3 divisions: opthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve
62
The optic canal is located along which wall of the orbit?
superior wall of the orbit
63
What are the contents of he optic canal?
optic nerve and opthalmic artery
64
What are the openings along the medial wall of the orbit?
anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid foramina
65
What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?
lamina papyracea
66
The superior orbital fissure is located along which wall of the orbit?
lateral wall of the orbit
67
What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?
oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent/abducens cranial nerves, opthalmic division of the trigeminal cranial nerve, and opthalmic veins
68
What opening(s) is(are) located along the inferior wall of the orbit?
inferior orbital fissure
69
What is contained in the inferior orbital fissure?
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
70
Identify the opening(s) found along each wall of the orbit.
superior wall: optic canal Medial wall: anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid foramina Lateral wall: superior orbital fissure Inferior wall: inferior orbital fissure
71
Which cranial nerves are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?
facial and trigeminal (maxillary and opthalmic divisions/branches)
72
Parasympathetric stimulation of blood vessels in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?
vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen

Spinal Anatomy Exam 3 (20 decks)

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