The Heart

Question 1

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 1

The left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body and the right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 2

What is in the blood and their function?

Answer 2

Plasma carries ions and nutrients

Platelets are used for blood clotting

Red blood cells carry oxygen

White blood cells are used to fight disease

Question 3

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 3

Build up of fatty material in the vessels which prevents blood flow

Question 4

What are the 4 main blood vessels?

Answer 4

Vena cava carries deox blood from body to heart

Pulmonary artery carries blood from heart to lungs

Pulmonary vein carries oxy blood from lungs to heart

Aorta carries blood from heart to body

Question 5

Explain how arteries are adapted for their function?

Answer 5

Arteries carry oxygen blood from heart to body

thick walls to carry blood under high pressure

Small lumen to maintain high pressure

Elastic fibres that can stretch

Question 6

Explain how capillaries are adapted for their role?

Answer 6

Capillaries connect the artery and vein together

One cell thick walls to provide a shorter and faster diffusion rate for substances

Question 7

Explain how veins are adapted for their function?

Answer 7

Carry deox blood from the body to the heart

Thin walls to carry blood under low pressure

Have valves to prevent back flow of blood

Wide lumen for easy flow of blood

Question 8

Evaluate the use of statins compared to stents.

Answer 8

Stents increase blood flow
Stents have an immediate impact

However, stents are invasive and expensive
Stents don’t treat disease
Other areas are effected

Statins prevent high cholesterol but the impact takes time
Statins are Cheaper however there are unknown side effects like muscle pain or lover problems
You can forget to take the statin drug

Question 9

How does blood get pumped around the heart?

Answer 9

Blood enters the right and left atrium

Atria contracts and forces blood into ventricles

Ventricles contract

Force blood out of the heart

Valves prevent the back flow of blood

Question 10

What is a pace maker?

Answer 10

Controlled resting heart rate

Question 11

Why do people have artificial pacemakers?

Answer 11

Electrical device to correct irregularities in heart rate

Question 12

What arteries supply oxygen to the heart?

Answer 12

Coronary arteries

Question 13

Explain how oxygen is moved from the lungs to the tissues.

Answer 13

Oxygen combines with haemoglobin to make oxyhemoglobin
Oxygen is transported through the blood vessels
Oxyhaemoglobin releases oxygen into tissues

Question 14

Explain why a person with a leaking heart valve has difficulty exercising.

Answer 14

Back flow of blood occurs so less blood pumped around body

Less oxygen supplied to muscles

Less aerobic respiration

Less energy released so less muscle contraction

Therefore, anaerobic respiration occurs causing oxygen debt

Build up of lactic acid causes muscle fatigue

Question 15

Explain why having one ventricle makes circulatory system less efficient

Answer 15

Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix together

So less oxygen reaches cells

Question 16

Explain how lifestyle and medical risk factors increase chance of developing CHD

Answer 16

Lifestyle:
Smoking increases blood pressure so more cholesterol

Lack of exercise leads to obesity and fatty material build up

Alcohol consumption increases blood pressure and high cholesterol

Medical:
Genetics

Medications can affect blood vessels and reduce metabolism

Question 17

Explain why beta blockers make you out of breath when exercising.

Answer 17

During exercise, body needs to transfer energy for respiration. Respiration increases during exercise so more oxygen is needed.

Beta blockers reduce increase heart rate.
Beta blockers reduce stroke volume
Beta blockers reduce cardiac output
So heart can’t supply oxygen fast enough

Breathing rate increases to increase oxygen intake
Breathing rate increases co2 removed from body

Question 18

Explain why having more rbc will improve an athletes performance.

Answer 18

More oxygen carried

Oxygen needed for respiration

So more energy transferred

Question 19

The wall of the left ventricle is much thicker than the wall of the right ventricle. Why?

Answer 19

Left ventricle has to pump blood at High pressure

Question 20

Explain how CHD can cause a heart attack.

Answer 20

Reduced blood flow

Less oxygen to muscles

Can’t respire

Do not re,ease enough energy