The Heart and Blood Vessels Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the heart?
-The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system
Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?
The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place
Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?
The left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body
Why is the heart referred to as the double pump?
Because the blood goes to the heart twice (2 inputs and outputs) and the blood is pumped to two different places
How does blood on the left side of the heart differ from the right side?
The left side transports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body and the right side transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What is the tissue that makes up most of the heart?
Cardiac muscle
What does the cardiac muscle (tissue) in the heart need to keep working?
What does the cardiac muscle (tissue) in the heart need to keep working?
How are oxygen and glucose transported to the cardiac muscle in the heart?
By the coronary artery
Why is the left ventricle the biggest chamber?
-As it has to pump the blood farther to the rest of the body whereas the right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs which is a shorter distance
-Which is why it has a thick muscular wall
Why are red and blue colours commonly used to indicate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
As the oxygenated blood (oxygen-rich) is a brighter red compared to the deoxygenated blood which is a darker red
How do substances move around our body?
-The body has its own transport system that carries substances around our body.
-The body’s transport system is called the circulatory system
-The organs in it are: heart, blood vessels, blood
What is the trachea made of?
Cartilage
Lungs as Specialised Exchange Systems:
-Our body needs a constant supply of O2 for respirations, as well as a way of releasing waste CO2
-Mammals have evolved a specialised exchange system to allow for this
How does inhalation work?
-The intercostal muscles between the ribs contract
-This moves the ribs up and out
-At the same time, the diaphragm muscle contracts and moves out
-The volume of air inside the chest increase (as air rushes in)
-This decreases the pressure inside the chest
-The air pressure outside the chest is higher so air enters the lungs
Breathing in (inhalation):
getting air into the lungs
Breathing out (exhalation):
getting air out of the lungs
How does exhalation work?
-The intercostal muscles relax
-The ribs are moved down and in
-At the same time, the diaphragm muscle relaxes and moves up
-The volume inside the chest decreases (as air rushes out)
-This increases the pressure inside the chest
-The air pressure outside the chest is now lower so air leaves the lungs
How do the lungs work antagonistically?
The lungs work antagonistically as the internal and external intercostal muscles work against each other (like biceps and triceps)
What does an O2 molecule pass through?
-What a molecule of O2 passes through before entering the blood:
-Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli
-What a molecule of CO2 passes through after leaving the blood:
-Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchus, trachea
