The Heart And Circulatory System Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
What’s special about the apex of the heart?
A
It sits at the bottom
2
Q
The apex of the Heart is on the ___
A
Diaphragm ( lowest portion)
3
Q
To listen to the heart you have to place the stethoscope directly …..
A
Over the apex of the heart
4
Q
The heart sits between the ____ in front and the bodies of the ___.
It’s an important location which allows for ____.
A
Sternum
Thoracic vertebrae behind.
CPR
5
Q
The size of your heart is compared to a…..
A
Closed fist
6
Q
What is the biggest artery?
A
Aorta
7
Q
What is the biggest vein in the body?
A
Superior vena cava
8
Q
CPR = ?
A
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
9
Q
Rhythmic compression of the heart between the ____ and ___ can maintain blood flow during cardiac arrest.
A
Sternum and vertebrae
10
Q
How many chambers are in your heart?
A
4
11
Q
Discharging chambers mean?
A
They will be pumping to release the blood there.
12
Q
What type of chambers is the ventricles?
A
Muscular chambers
13
Q
Two upper chambers are called …..
A
Atria (receiving chambers)
14
Q
Two lower chambers are called?
A
Ventricles (discharging chambers)
15
Q
Ventricles are smaller than the artrias
True or false
A
False
16
Q
Altria’s walls are thinner and less muscular compared to ventricles
True or false
A
True
17
Q
Blood enters the heart through veins that open into these upper cavities.
A
Atria (receiving chambers)
18
Q
Eventually, blood is pumped from the heart into ____ that exist from the ____.
A
Arteries
Ventricles
19
Q
Epicardium
A
Outer protective layer
20
Q
Mycardium
A
Muscular middle layer
21
Q
Endocardium
A
The inner layer
22
Q
Smooth tissue lining of heart chamber.
A
Endocardium (inner layer)
23
Q
Inflammation of endocardium is called
A
Endocarditis
24
Q
Inflamed endocardium can become rough and abrasive and thereby cause a ___
A
Thrombus (clot)
25
Wall of each heart chamber is composed of cardiac muscle tissue called __
Myocardium (middle layer)
26
Your pericardium is dived into ____
Layers because it is a…
Two
Two- layer sac
27
The important thing of the heart sac is that its ___
Lubricated
28
The layers of the heart are ….
1. Endocardium
2. Myocardium
3. Pericardium
29
Two-layered fibrous sac with a lubricated space between the two layers (the hearts covering and lining)
Pericardium (outer layer)
30
Pericardium’s inner layer is called…
Visceral pericardium or epicardium
31
Pericardium’s outer layer is called..
Parietal pericardium
32
Inflammation of the pericardium.
Pericarditis
33
Triangular organ (heart) located in ___.
2/3 of it is to the ___ and 1/3 is to the ____.
Mediastinum
Left
Right
34
Contraction of the heart is called…
Systole
35
Relaxation of the heart is called
Diastole
36
In blood pressure what goes in the bottom and top
Systole/diastole
37
When the heart beats the atria ____ first, forcing blood into the _____;
Contracts, ventricles
38
Atrial contraction means
Only the atria are contracting
39
Keep blood flowing through the heart and prevent back-flow
Valves
40
What are the two atrioventricular (AV) valves ?
1. Tricuspid
2. Bicuspid (mitral)
41
At the opening of the right atrium into the right ventricle
Tricuspid
42
At the opening of the left atrium into the left ventricle
Bicuspid (mitral)
43
What are the semilunar (SL) valves ? (2)
1. Pulmonary semilunar
2. Aortic semilunar
44
At the beginning of the pulmonary artery and allows blood going to the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle but prevents it from flowing back into the ventricle itself
Pulmonary semilunar
45
At the beginning of the aorta. It allows blood to flow out of the left ventricle up into the aorta but prevents black flow into this ventricle
Aortic semilunar
46
Think of valves as
Doors
47
How many total valves in the heart ?
4
48
RTP
Right- tricuspid- pulmonary -lungs
49
LBA
Left - bicuspid - aortic- aorta
50
Pulmonary leads to ..
Lungs
51
Aortic leads to …
Aorta
52
What are the two distinct heart sounds in every heartbeat or cycle ?
Lub-dup
53
Caused by the vibration and closure of AV valves during contraction of the ventricles.
First sound (lub)
54
Caused by the closure of the semilunar valves during relaxation of the ventricles.
Second sound (dup)
55
Abnormal heart sounds often caused by abnormal valves
Heart murmurs
56
The heart acts as…
Two separate pumps
57
The right atrium and ventricle performing different functions from the…
Left atrium and ventricle performing different
58
When the heart “beats”, first the _______simultaneously.
Atria contract
59
When the heart “beats”, first the atria contract simultaneously. This is _____
Atrial systole
60
Then the ventricles fill with blood, and they, too, contract together during ____
Ventricular systole
61
The right and left Side of the heart acts as…
Separate pumps
62
Systole means
Work
63
Diastole means
Relax
64
Blood enters the right atrium through two large veins called the…
Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
65
The right heart pump receives ___ from the veins (deoxygenated)
Oxygen poor blood
66
After entering the right atrium, it is pumped through the ____ or _____ and enters the right ____
Right AV
Tricuspid valve
Ventricle
67
When ventricles contract, blood in the right ventricle is pumped through the ____ into the ___ and eventually to the lungs, where ____ is added and ____ is lost
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary artery
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
68
Blood rich in oxygen returns to the___ of the heart through ____
Left atrium
Four pulmonary veins
69
It then passes through the left AV, or ____ , valve into the ____ . When the left ventricles contacts, blood is forced through the _____ into the aorta and is distributed to the ___ as a whole.
Bicuspid
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Body
70
How many quarts of blood does your heart produce every minute
5 quarts
71
How many times does your heart beat per day ?
100,000
72
5 quarts is equivalent to how many gallons ?
1.25
73
Your heart contracting is called __
Systole
74
the right atrioventricular valve is also known as the ___
Tricuspid valve
75
Blood, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the _____ of the heart, flows through the right and left ___
Mycardium
Coronary arteries
76
Blockage of blood flow through the coronary arteries can cause ….
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
77
Type of “hardening of arteries” in which lipids build up on the inside wall of blood vessels) can partiallly or totally block coronary blood flow
Atherosclerosis
78
Chest pain caused by inadequate oxygen to the heart
Angina pectoris
79
Electrical system of the heart include the …. (4)
1. SA (sinoatrial) node, the pacemaker
2. AV (atrioventricular) node
3. AV bundle (bundle of His)
4. Purkinje fibers
80
Located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava
SA (sinoatrial) node, the pacemaker
81
Located in the right atrium along the lower part of the interatrial septum
AV ( atrioventricular) node
82
Located in the septum of the ventricle
AV bundle (bundle of His)
83
Located in the walls of the ventricles
Purkinje fibers
84
When would the patient require a pacemaker ?
Atrioventricular (AV) node
85
ECG stands for
Electrocardiogram
86
Tiny electrical impulses can be picked up on the surface of the body and transformed into visible tracings by a machine called ___
Electrocardiograph
87
The visible tracing of these electrical signals is called an
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
88
Refers to the abnormality of the heart rhythm.
Dysrhythmia
89
Slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/min)
Bradycardia
90
Rapid heart rate (more than 100 beats/min)
Tachycardia
91
Variation in heart rate during breathing cycle
Sinus dysrhythmia
92
Condition in which cardiac muscle fibers are “ out of step”, producing no effective pumping action. (Stoped)
Fibrillation
93
inability to pump enough returned blood to sustain life; it can be caused by many different heart diseases
Heart failure
94
- failure of the right side of the heart to pump blood, usually because the left side of the heart is not pumping effectively
Right-sided heart failure
95
inability of the left ventricle to pump effectively, resulting in congestion of the systemic and pulmonary circulations
Left-sided heart failure (congestive heart failure)
