The heart system

Question 1

What is the region containing the heart?

Answer 1

Mediastinum. Located between lungs, sternum & thoracic

Question 2

What are the Membranes surrounding the heart?

Answer 2

Pericardium:

Fibrous pericardium- outer connective tissue sheath.

Parietal layer- outer serous membrane is attached to fibrous pericardium.

between 2 layers is pericardial cavity with serous fluid.

Visceral Layer- inner serous membrane is attached to heart wall.

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Answer 3

Epicardium- outermost Made of epithelial & connective
tissue

Myocardium- middle, thickest
* Made of cardiac muscle

Endocardium- innermost
* Made of endothelium (simple
squamous epithelium) &
connective tissue

Question 4

What carries blood from cardiac veins to R Atrium?

Answer 4

Coronary sinus.

Question 5

Returns blood to heart

Answer 5

Veins

Question 6

Carries blood away from the heart

Answer 6

Arteries

Question 7

the flow of blood between heart & lungs

Answer 7

Pulmonary circuit

Question 8

The flow of blood between heart & body

Answer 8

Systemic circuit

Question 9

What provides blood for myocardium?

Answer 9

Coronary arteries

Question 10

Branches into the Ant. Interventricular branch

Answer 10

L coronary artery

Question 11

Branches into posterior interventricular branch

Answer 11

R coronary artery

Question 12

Returns blood from the myocardium

Answer 12

Coronary veins

Question 13

Where is the great cardiac vein?

Answer 13

In interventricular sulcus

Question 14

Where is the small cardiac vein ?

Answer 14

In coronary sulcus

Question 15

Separates L&R atria

Answer 15

Interatrial septum

Question 16

Separates L&R ventricles

Answer 16

Interventricular Septum

Question 17

What are on the walls of atria?

Answer 17

Pectinate muscles

Question 18

What are on the walls of ventricles ?

Answer 18

Papillary Muscles

Question 19

What prevents return of blood to atria?

Answer 19

Atrioventricular Valves.

Question 20

What is a complete sequence of contraction & relaxation?

Answer 20

Cardiac cycle

Question 21

The contraction phase is called

Answer 21

systole

Question 22

The relaxation phase is called

Answer 22

diastole

Question 23

Maximum pressure in arteries during ventricular contraction and pushes blood out into the blood

Answer 23

Systolic Blood pressure

Question 24

pressure in arteries when ventricles are in filling stage

Answer 24

Diastolic blood pressure

Question 25

Normal blood pressure is

Answer 25

120/80

Question 26

blood normally travels in

Answer 26

laminar flow

Question 27

as cuff inflates above SBP, blood flow is

Answer 27

stopped

Question 28

as pressure in cuff drops between SPB &DBP, blood pushed through compressed walls of arteries in

Answer 28

turbulent flow

Question 29

vibrations in artery, heard via stethoscope

Answer 29

sounds of korotkoff

Question 30

first sounds in stethoscope

Answer 30

Systolic blood pressure

Question 31

when sounds cease

Answer 31

diastolic blood pressure

Question 32

volume of blood pumped per min

Answer 32

cardiac output

Question 33

resistance to blood flowing through arterioles

Answer 33

peripheral resistance

Question 34

high blood pressure 140/90

Answer 34

hypertension

Question 35

short duration- exercise, caffeine, nicotine

Answer 35

Acute

Question 36

long duration, health concern. can harm arteries.

Answer 36

chronic

Question 37

low blood pressure, may lead to fainting/dizziness

Answer 37

hypotension

Question 38

blood pressure is influences by

Answer 38

gravity Pressure in arteries of head & neck- lower * Pressure in arteries of legs- higher

Question 39

blood pressure is influenced by body

Answer 39

position. increases when standing: decreases when laying down

Question 40

blood pressure is influenced by

Answer 40

exercise. increases with exercise:decreases with rest

Question 41

MAP

Answer 41

Mean, Arterial pressure. an average blood pressure should fall between 70-110 mmHg

Question 42

Blood flow in a vessel increases with increasing

Answer 42

PRESSURE

Question 43

Blood flow in a vessel decreases with increasing

Answer 43

resistance.

Question 44

Flow =

Answer 44

pressure/ resistance

Question 45

Valves are flaps of tissues in

Answer 45

veins that prevent backflow of blood.

Question 46

Damage to veins affects

Answer 46

Circulation in legs

Question 47

walls of veins weaken with

Answer 47

age

Question 48

establish rate of cardiac contraction

Answer 48

Nodal cells

Question 49

connect nodes & distribute contractile stimulus through myocardium

Answer 49

Conducting cells

Question 50

initiates electrical impulses in the heart

Answer 50

Sinoatrial node SA. located in sup R atrium. ' Generate a change in electrical voltage across cell membranes

Question 51

conduction travels across atria, causing muscular contraction

Answer 51

reaches atrioventricular node.

Question 52

slight delay allows completion of atrial contraction

Answer 52

AV node

Question 53

electrical impulse travels to

Answer 53

bundle of his (AV bundle) ---- right & left bundle branches-- purkinjie fibers

Question 54

stimulate cardiac muscle cells of ventricles to contract

Answer 54

purkinjie fibers

Question 55

by placing electrode plates on the skin, electrical activity of the heart can be monitored

Answer 55

TRUE

Question 56

AN electrocardiograph can record electrical activity and measures changes in voltage.

Answer 56

TRUE

Question 57

small bump or deflection wave represent atrial depolarization

Answer 57

P wave

Question 58

Represents ventricular depolarization

Answer 58

QRS COMPLEX

Question 59

REPRESENTS VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION

Answer 59

T wave

Question 60

time between atrial depolarization & beginning of ventricular depolarization

Answer 60

PR interval

Question 61

ST elevation may indicate one type of

Answer 61

heart attack