The Holocaust Flashcards
(39 cards)
How long did the Holocaust go for?
Between 1933 to 1945 (12 years)
How many Jewish people died?
6 million, two-thirds of European Jews
What is anti-semitism?
hostility or prejudice against Jewish people
What is the Aryan Race?
A term used to describe the ideal German person, those who weren’t Jewish and especially those with blue eyes and blonde hair.
What were concentration camps?
Places were persecuted minorities or political prisoners were held, usually in harsh conditions.
What was the “Final Solution”?
The Nazi policy to kill all Jewish people.
What were Ghettos?
An area of the city where the minority groups, especially Jewish people were held. They were often poor and overcrowded.
What was Kristallnacht?
Two nights on the 9th and 10th of November 1938 where Nazi’s planned a series of attacks against Jewish people including smashing business windows and burning down synagogs. Translated to the “Night of broken glass”.
What was the SS?
The German abbreviation for Schutzstaffel (protection squads) which served as bodyguards to Hitler but also ran the concentration camps and were the ones who were killing the Jews.
When did Hilter become Chancellor?
1933
What happened in 1935?
The Nuremberg Laws
What were the Nuremberg Laws?
They were a group of laws which banned Jews from being German citizens, including not being able to marry Aryan Germans, they could no longer vote and eventually were refused treatment at hospitals.
When did Hitler start releasing laws banning Jews from participating in public life and what did this include?
1933-1934. Called the ‘Law of Restoration of the Professional Civil Service’, Jewish people were called unreliable and unfit for office and so were fired, restricted the number of Jewish kids in schools and universities and limit the amount of Jewish people in the medical and legal field.
When was the first Ghetto opened and where?
1939, and was established in Poland.
When was Auschwitz opened?
1940
When did the “Final Solution” commence?
1941
What happened in 1942?
The mass deportation of Jews from occupied countries to death camps in Poland?
When did Soviet troops begin releasing concentration camps?
1944
How were people defined as Jewish?
Anyone who had Jewish grandparents, regardless of religious views.
What was so significant about Kristallnacht?
30,000 Jewish men were arrested and placed in concentration camps, which became the first instance that the Nazi’s detaining a mass of people based on their race and signified the beginning of the systematic violence which became the Holocaust.
What was propaganda?
The spreading of false ideas and misleading information to convince people of certain points of views.
Who was Joseph Goebbels?
Hitler’s minister of propaganda and was controlling the school education system.
What were the conditions of Ghettos?
They were miserable, there wasn’t enough food or medical supplies, they were forced to work for German authorities, education was forbidden, anyone who disobeyed orders was shot. Some people defied the Nazis and smuggled in food, but that was very dangerous. Those who fell ill had very little chance of recovery.
What were the Einsatzgruppen?
They were 4 specialised mobile killing squads; A, B, C & D. They were ordered to execute anyone who was an enemy to the Nazis. They shot Jewish men, women and children in mass graves. They tried to organise pogroms, which were organised massacres of Jewish people by local communities, so they wouldn’t blame the widespread murders on German units.
