The Human Body

Question 1

study of structure, or physical form of the body

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

is the study of how the body and its parts work or function ( physio = nature; ology = the study of

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

atoms combine to form molecules

Answer 3

chemical level of organization

Question 4

includes cells, the smallest living units in the body

Answer 4

cellular level of organization

Question 5

collections of 2 or more cells that function together for a specific task

Answer 5

tissue level of organization

Question 6

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

Answer 6

tissue

Question 7

smallest unit of life

Answer 7

cells

Question 8

composed of 2 or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body

Answer 8

organ

Question 9

group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

Answer 9

organ system

Question 10

11 organ systems make up living human being, or the organism

-highest level of organization

Answer 10

organismal level of organization

Question 11

the external covering of the body, or the skin, including the hair and fingernails

Answer 11

integumentary system

Question 12

the muscles of the body

Answer 12

muscular system

Question 13

its function is to contract, shorten and when this happens, movement occurs

Answer 13

muscles

Question 14

body’s fast-acting control system

Answer 14

nervous system

Question 15

detect changes in temperature, pressure, or light and send messages to the central nervous system

Answer 15

sensory receptors

Question 16

controls body activities, but acts much more slowly than the nervous system

Answer 16

endocrine system

Question 17

produce chemical molecules called hormones and release them into the blood to travel to relatively distant target organs

Answer 17

endocrine glands

Question 18

primary organs are the heart and blood vessels

-delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to, and picks up waste such as carbon dioxide from, cells near sites of exchange

Answer 18

cardiovascular system

Question 19

help protect the body from such foreign invaders as bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells

Answer 19

white blood cells

Question 20

pumps blood out of its chambers into blood vessels to be transported to all body tissues

Answer 20

heart

Question 21

its organs include lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs such as spleen and tonsils

-helps clean blood and house white blood cells

Answer 21

lymphatic system

Question 22

its job is to keep the body supplied with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide

Answer 22

respiratory system

Question 23

is basically a tube running through the body from mouth to anus

Answer 23

digestive system

Question 24

removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine
-maintaining body’s water and salt balance, regulating the acid -base balance of the blood, helping regulate normal blood pressure

Answer 24

urinary system

Question 25

its role is to produce offspring

Answer 25

reproductive system

Question 26

includes all activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another an manipulating the external environment with our fingers.

Answer 26

movement

Question 27

nutrients and wastes passes between blood and cells via...

Answer 27

interstitial fluid

Question 28

the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them.

Answer 28

responsiveness

Question 29

the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood

Answer 29

digestion

Question 30

broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the body and all of its cells - regulated chiefly by hormones secreted by the glands of the endocrine system

Answer 30

metabolism

Question 31

is the process of removing excreta | (ek-skre′tah), or wastes, from the body.

Answer 31

excretion

Question 32

which the body takes in through food, contain the chemicals used for energy and cell building.

Answer 32

nutrients

Question 33

major energy-providing fuel for the body cells

Answer 33

carbohydrates

Question 34

essential for building cell structures

Answer 34

protein and fats

Question 35

cushion body organs and provide reserve fuel

Answer 35

fats

Question 36

required for the chemical reactions that go on in cells and for oxygen transport in the blood

Answer 36

minerals and vitamins

Question 37

accounts for 60 to 80 percent of body weight, depending on the age of the individual. It is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body and provides the fluid base for body secretions and excretions.

Answer 37

water

Question 38

The force exerted on the surface of the body | by the weight of air

Answer 38

atmospheric pressure

Question 39

accurately describe body parts and position, -we always assume that the body is in a standard position

Answer 39

anatomical position

Question 40

cranial or cephalic -Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above e.g The forehead is superior to the nose.

Answer 40

superior

Question 41

caudal -Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below e.g The navel is inferior to the breastbone

Answer 41

inferior

Question 42

ventral -Toward or at the front of the body; in front of e.g. The breastbone is anterior to the spine.

Answer 42

anterior

Question 43

dorsal -Toward or at the backside of the body; behind e.g The heart is posterior to the breastbone.

Answer 43

posterior

Question 44

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of e.g. The heart is medial to the arm.

Answer 44

medial

Question 45

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of e.g. The arms are lateral to the chest.

Answer 45

lateral

Question 46

Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk ``` e.g. The elbow is proximal to the wrist (meaning that the elbow is closer to the shoulder or attachment point of the arm than the wrist is). ```

Answer 46

proximal

Question 47

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk e.g. The knee is distal to the thigh.

Answer 47

distal

Question 48

external - Toward or at the body surface e.g. The skin is superficial to the skeleton.

Answer 48

superficial

Question 49

internal -Away from the body surface; more internal e.g. The lungs are deep to the rib cage.

Answer 49

deep