THE HUMAN BODY: AN ORIENTATION Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
use to solve problems concerning the body when healthy or diseased.
A
anaphy
2
Q
Study of the body’s structures.
A
anatomy
3
Q
use in med school, anatomy and pathology labs to observe structure in living people witch imaging technique also helps
A
dissect
4
Q
true or false the area of specialization anatomy have are : Developmental anatomy Gross anatomy Cytology Surface anatomy
A
true
5
Q
focuses on the first 8 weeks of development.
A
embryology
6
Q
examines cells, and histology examines tissues.
A
cytology
7
Q
study of structures that can be observe only w/ magnifying device.
A
microscopic anatomy
8
Q
micro means ?
A
small
9
Q
studies organs from either a systemic or a regional perspective.
A
gross anatomy
10
Q
study of structures that can be observe only w/out magnifying device
A
macroscopic anatomy
11
Q
uses superficial structures to locate internal structures, and anatomical imaging is a noninvasive technique for identifying internal (deep) structures.
A
surface anatomy
12
Q
true or false anatomical imaging are the ff: x-ray ultrasound digital subtraction anglography magnetic resonance image posittron emission tomography
A
true
13
Q
study of structures that make-up a discrete body system that is the group of structure that work together to perform a unique body function
A
original anatomy
14
Q
study of inter relationships of all the structures of a specific body region
A
systematic anatomy
15
Q
true or false
the general approach to the study of body structure are regional anatomy and systematic anatomy
A
false, original anatomy
16
Q
study of the body’s functions. It can be approached from cellular or a systems point of view.
A
physiology
17
Q
state of steady internal condition
A
homeostasis
18
Q
true or false area of specialization in physiology are the ff: Cell physiology Systemic physiology Neurophysiology Cardiovascular physiology Pathology
A
true
19
Q
true or false area of specialization in physiology are the ff: original physiology Systemic physiology Neurophysiology Cardiovascular physiology Pathology
A
false, cell physiology
20
Q
examines the processes occurring in cells.
A
cell physiology
21
Q
considers the functions of organ systems.
A
system physiology
22
Q
focuses on the nervous system and includes Body, spinal cord and nerves and how it works together to perform its function as complex and diverse
A
neurophysiology
23
Q
deals with the heart and blood vessels
A
cardiovascular physiology
24
Q
deals with all aspects of disease.
A
pathology
25
smallest unit of elements and buildup of (+)(-)(0)
atoms
26
level that involves interactions between atoms, which are tiny (simplest) building blocks of matter.
chemical level
27
basic structural and functional units of plants and animals.
cells
28
Smallest independent functioning unit of living organism w/in bacteria
cells
29
consist of flexible membrane.
human cell
30
combine to form organelles
molecules
31
small structures inside cells
organelles
32
group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them
tissue
33
true or false
four basic tissue:
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
true
34
true or false
four basic tissue:
tissue, connective, muscle, and nervous
false, epithelial
35
two or more tissue types that perform one or more common functions.
organ
36
true or false :
| urinary bladder, heart, stomach, and lung are examples of org
true
37
group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions and are therefore viewed as a unit.
organ system
38
any living thing considered as a whole
organism
39
network of organ systems, all mutually dependent on one another
human organism
40
```
true or false:
STRACTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY:
Chemical level.
Cell level.
Tissue level.
Organ level.
Organ system level.
Organism level.
```
true
41
how many organ system does human have?
11
42
examines changes caused by exercise.
Exercise physiology
43
```
true or false :
the anatomical imaging are
x-ray
ultrasound
computered tomography
digital subtraction angiography
magnetic resonance image
position emission tomography
```
false, computered = computed
44
```
true or false :
the anatomical imaging are
x-ray
ultrasound
computed tomography
digital subtraction angiography
magnetic resonance image
position emission tomography
```
true
45
what are the major parts of the body
```
Brain
spinal cord
larynx
trachea
carotid artery
aortic arc
esophagus
heart
lungs
liver
pancreas
gallbladder
kidney
large and small intestine
ureter
unrinary bladder
urethra
diaphragm
spleen
stomach
kidney
```
46
parts of integumentary system
skin
hair
nails
sweat glands
47
parts of skeletal system
```
skull
clavicle
sternum
ribs
humerus
vertebral column
radius
ulna
pelvis
ferum
tibia
fibula
```
48
parts of muscular system
```
temporalis
pectoralis major
biceps brachii
rectus abdominis
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
gastrocnemius
```
49
parts of nervous system
```
brain
spinal cord
nerve
cuada equina
sensory receptors
```
50
parts of endocrine system
```
hypothalamus
pituitary
pineal gland
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus
adrenals
ovarico (female )
pancreas
testes
```
51
parts of cardiovascular system
```
carotid artery
superior vena cava
jugular vein
pulmonary trunk
heart
brachial artery
aorta
inferior vena cava
femoral artery and vein
```
52
parts of urinary system
kidney
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
53
parts of female reproductive system
```
mammary gland (in breast )
uterine tube
ovary
uterus
vagina
```
54
parts of male reproductive system
```
seminal vesicle
prostate gland
testis
penis
epididymis
ductus deferens
```
55
parts of lymphatic system
```
tonsils
cervical lymph node
thymus
axillary lymph node
mammary plexus
lymphatic vessel
thoracic duct
spleen
inguinal lymph node
```
56
parts of respiratory system
```
nasal cavity
nose
pharynx (throat)
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
```
57
parts of digestive system
```
pharynx(throat)
oral cavity (mouth )
salivary glands
esophagus
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
liver
gallbladder
appendix
rectum
anus
```
58
a organ system that protects, regulates temp. , prevent water loss and help produce vitamin D.
integumentary system
59
a organ system that provides protection and support, allows body movement, produces blood cells and stores minerals and adipose
skeletal system
60
a organ system that produces body movements, maintains posture and produces body heat
muscular system
61
a organ system that is a major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movement, physiological processes and intellectual functions.
nervous system
62
a organ system that is a major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions
endocrine system
63
a organ system that transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones through the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temp.
cardiovascular system
64
a organ system that removes waste products from the blood and regulates pH, ion balance and water balance
urinary system
65
a organ system that produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the new born; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behavior
female reproductive system
66
a organ system that produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors
male reproductive system
67
a organ system that removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary tract
lymphatic system
68
a organ system that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH
respiratory system
69
a organ system that performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste
digestive system
70
interrelationships among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions
organization
71
way maintain distinct internal compartments.
Cell organizing
72
has has the most bacteria cells in all the body.
Intestine tracks
73
largest system humans have.
Integumentary system
74
Changes an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death.
development
75
involves changes in a cell’s structure and function from an immature, generalized state to a mature, specialized state.
Differentiation
76
change in shape of tissues, organs, and the entire organism
morphogenesis
77
Chemical reactions taking place in the cells and internal environment of an organism.
metabolism
78
used when one part of a molecule moves relative to another part, changing the shape of the molecule.
energy
79
energy can neither be created nor destroy can only change form.
1st law of thermodynamics
80
ability to sense changes in its external or internal environment and adjust to those changes.
responsiveness
81
increase in the size or number of cells, which produces an overall enlargement of all or part of an organism.
growth
82
The formation of new cells or new organisms.
reproduction
83
Condition in which body functions, body fluids, and other factors of the internal environment are maintained at levels suitable to support life.
homeostasis
84
most systems of the body are regulated which maintain homeostasis.
negative feedback
85
monitors the value of a variable
Receptor
86
part of the brain, which establishes the set point around
control center
87
adjust the value of the variable
Effector
88
result in deviations further from the set point
positive feedback
89
mechanisms include blood clotting and childbirth labor.
Normal positive-feedback
90
examples include decreased blood flow to the heart.
Harmful positive-feedback
91
human standing erect with the face directed forward, the arms hanging to the sides, and the palms facing forward
anatomical position
92
person lying face upward
supine position
93
person lying face
prone position
94
what are the terminology in the body
```
right
left
superior / cephalic
anterior / caudal
anterior / ventral
posterior / dorsal
proximal
distal
lateral
medial
superficial
deep
```
95
parts of head
```
frontal
orbital
nasal
oral
optic
buccal
mental
```
96
parts of neck
cervical
| clavicular
97
Parts of trunk
```
thoracic ( pectoral , sternal, mammary)
abdominal
umbilical
pelvic
inguinal
pubic
```
98
parts of upper limbic
```
axillary
brachial
antecubital
antebrachial
manual (hand) ( carpal, palmar, digital)
```
99
parts of lower limbs
```
coxal
femoral
patellar
crural
pedal (foot)( talus, dorsum, digital
```
