The Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
adip/o
A
fat
3
Q
anter/o
A
before, front
4
Q
caud/o
A
lower part of body, tail
5
Q
cephal/o
A
head
6
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
7
Q
-cyte
A
cell
8
Q
end-
A
in, within, inside
9
Q
endo-
A
in, within, inside
10
Q
exo-
A
out of, outside, away from
11
Q
hist/o
A
tissue
12
Q
-ologist
A
specialist
13
Q
-ology
A
the science or study of
14
Q
path/o
A
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
15
Q
-pathy
A
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
16
Q
plas/i, plas/o, -plasia
A
development, growth, formation
17
Q
poster/o
A
behind, toward the back
18
Q
-stasis
A
control, maintenance of a constant level
19
Q
-static
A
control, maintenance of a constant level
20
Q
abdominal cavity
A
contains the major organs of digestion
21
Q
adenocarcinoma
A
a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body
22
Q
adenoma
A
benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of gland or gland-like structure
23
Q
anaplasia
A
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
24
Q
anatomy
A
the study of the structures of the body
25
anomaly
a deviation from what is regarded as normal
26
anterior
situated in the front
27
aplasia
the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
28
atresia
congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage
29
autopsy
a postmortem examinaiton
30
bloodborne transmission
the spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids
31
caudal
toward the lower part of the body
32
cephalic
toward the head
33
chromosome
a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell
34
communicable disease
any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
35
congenital disorder
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
36
cytoplasm
the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
37
distal
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
38
dorsal
the back of the organ or body
39
dysplasia
the abnormal development or growth of cells, or the presence of abnormal cells within a type of tissue
40
endemic
the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group or area
41
endocrine glands
produce hormones, do not have ducts
42
epidemic
a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
43
epigastric region
located aboe the stomach
44
etiology
the study of the casues of diseases or abnormal conditions
45
exocrine glands
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body
46
functional disorder
a condition that produced physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified
47
genetic disorder
a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
48
49
hemophilia
hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
50
histology
the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
51
homeostasis
the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
52
hyperplasia
an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
53
hypertrophy
a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissue
54
hypogastric region
located below the stomach
55
hypoplasia
the underdevelopment of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
56
iatrogenic illness
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
57
idiopathic disease
any disease without a known cause
58
infectious disease
an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
59
inguinal
relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen
60
medial
the direction toward, or, nearer the midline
61
mesentery
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
62
midsagittal plane
also known as the midline, the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
63
nosocomial infection
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
64
pandemic
an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area sometimes even worldwide
65
pathology
the study of disease
66
pelvic cavity
the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
67
peritoneum
a multilayered membrane that protects and hold the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
68
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
69
physiology
the study of the functions of the structures of the body
70
posterior
situated in the back or on the back part of an organ
71
proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
72
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum
73
stem cells
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
74
syndrome
a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process
75
thoracic cavity
also known as the chest cavity or thorax; surrounds and protects the heart and lungs
76
transverse plane
a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
77
Umbilicus
commonly known as the belly button or navel, this pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth
78
Vector-bone transmission
is the spread of certain disease through blood-sucking vectors
79
ventral
refers to the front, or belly sie, of the organ or body
