The Human Brain

Question 1

Individual nerve cell

Answer 1

neuron

Question 2

receive messages from other neurons

Answer 2

dendrites

Question 3

cell body; body of the neuron

Answer 3

soma

Question 4

finer that carries information away from the cell body

Answer 4

axon

Question 5

branches that link the dendrites and somas of other neurons

Answer 5

axon terminals

Question 6

electrical charge of an inactive neuron

Answer 6

resting potential

Question 7

trigger point for a neutrons firing

Answer 7

threshold

Question 8

nerve impulse

Answer 8

action potential

Question 9

when a neuron is less willing to fire

Answer 9

negative after potential

Question 10

synapses

Answer 10

the microscopic gap that allows messages from one neuron to another pass over

Question 11

chemicals in the brain that alter activity in neurons

Answer 11

neurotransmitters

Question 12

receptor site

Answer 12

areas on the surface of neurons and other cells that are sensitive to neurotransmitters

Question 13

MOOD STABILISER affects mood, sleep, appetite, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain suppression, impulsivity, and aggression: depression

Answer 13

serotonin

Question 14

MOVEMENT AND MEMORY affects muscle action, cognitive functioning, memory, REM, sleep, emotion: Alzheimer’s

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

PLEASURE AND MOTIVATION affects movement, attention, memory, learning, and emotion: Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s

Answer 15

Dopamine

Question 16

ATTENTION affects learning, memory, dreaming, emotion, waking from sleep, eating, alertness, wakefulness, reactions to stress

Answer 16

Norepinephrine

Question 17

STRESS RESPONDER affects emotional arousal, memory storage, and metabolism of glucose necessary for energy release

Answer 17

Epinephrine

Question 18

RELAXER neural inhabitation n the central nervous system: tranquillising drugs to act on ___ to decrease anxiety

Answer 18

GABA

Question 19

neuropeptides

Answer 19

regulate activity of other neurons

Question 20

enkephalins

Answer 20

relieve pain and stress; similar to endorphins

Question 21

endorphins

Answer 21

released by pituitary gland; also help to relieve pain

Question 22

what do enkephalins and endorphins do together?

Answer 22

work together to reduce pain/stress so that it is not disabling

Question 23

large bundles of axons and dendrites

Answer 23

nerves

Question 24

fatty layer of tissue that coats axons

Answer 24

myelin

Question 25

nerve impulses travelling down an axon coated with myelin jump from gap to gap in the myelin layer

Answer 25

saltatory conduction

Question 26

Central Nervous System

Answer 26

brain and spinal cord

Question 27

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 27

all parts of the nervous system besides BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

Question 28

what are the two parts of the PNS?

Answer 28

somatic system and autonomic system

Question 29

links spinal cord with body and sense organs; controls voluntary behaviour via sensory neurons and motor neurons

Answer 29

somatic system

Question 30

serves internal organs and glands; controls automatic functions such as heart rate and blood pressure

Answer 30

autonomic system

Question 31

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic system

Answer 31

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 32

arouses body; emergency system

Answer 32

sympathetic

Question 33

quiets body; most active after an emotional event

Answer 33

parasympathetic

Question 34

(spinal cord) 31 of them; carry sensory and motor messages to and from the spinal cord

Answer 34

spinal nerves

Question 35

(spinal cord) 12 pairs that leave the brain directly; also work to communicate messages

Answer 35

cranial nerves

Question 36

outer layer of the cerebrum

Answer 36

cerebral cortex

Question 37

two large hemispheres that cover upper part of the brain

Answer 37

cerebrum

Question 38

right and left halves of the cortex

Answer 38

cerebral hemispheres

Question 39

language functions (speaking, reading, writing, and understanding language) analytical functions (math) right hand touch

Answer 39

left hemisphere

Question 40

nonverbal abilities (music, and art, perceptual and spatio-manipulative skills) some language comprehension left hand touch

Answer 40

right hemisphere

Question 41

bundle of fibres connecting cerebral hemispheres

Answer 41

corpus callosum

Question 42

what are central Cortex lobes?

Answer 42

divide the cortex into several smaller areas

Question 43

SUBCORTEX connects brain with the spinal cord and controls vital life functions such as heart rate and breathing

Answer 43

medulla

Question 44

SUBCORTEX act as a bridge between medulla and other structures influences sleep and arousal

Answer 44

pons (bridges)

Question 45

located at base of brain regulates posture, muscle tone, and muscular coordination

Answer 45

cerebellum

Question 46

SUBCORTEX lies into medulla and brainstem associated with alertness, attention, and some reflexes (breathing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting)

Answer 46

subcortex: reticular formation

Question 47

part of the reticular formation that keeps the cortex active and alert

Answer 47

reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 48

FOREBRAIN structures are part of ____: system within forebrain linked to emotional response

Answer 48

limbic system

Question 49

relays sensory information to the cortex

Answer 49

thalamus

Question 50

regulates emotional behaviours and motives (sex, hunger, rage, hormone release)

Answer 50

hypothalamus

Question 51

associated with fear responses

Answer 51

amygdala

Question 52

associated with storing memories; helps us navigate through space

Answer 52

hippocampus