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Biology GCSE > The Human Nervous System > Flashcards

The Human Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The regulation of a constant optimum internal condition in response to internal and external conditions/changes

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2
Q

What does homeostasis regulate?

A

Body temperature, blood glucose concentration, water levels

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3
Q

What the automatic control systems?

A

Nervous system and Endocrine system

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4
Q

What are receptors?

A

Cells that detect changes inside and outside the body

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5
Q

What are coordinators?

A

Parts of the that receive the information from the receptors and coordinate a response (spinal cord or brain)

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6
Q

What are effectors?

A

Muscles or glands that produce the response

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7
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

Uses electrical impulses to enable you to react quickly to your surroundings and coordinate your behaviour

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8
Q

What does CNS stand for?

A

Central Nervous System

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9
Q

What stimulus does skin detect?

A

Touch, temperature and pain

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10
Q

What stimulus does tongue detect?

A

Chemicals in food and drink

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11
Q

What stimulus does nose detect?

A

Chemicals in the air

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12
Q

What stimulus does the eye detect?

A

Light

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13
Q

What stimulus does ear detect?

A

Sound and position of head

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14
Q

How do you test reaction time?

A
  1. Sit on a chair or stool and place your non-dominant hand in front of you
  2. Your partner will stand and hold a ruler vertically with the bottom end in between your thumb and first finger
  3. Your partner will drop the ruler and you will catch it using your thumb and first finger
  4. Your result is the number the top of your thumb landed on
  5. Use the table to convert your number into your reaction time
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15
Q

What is a voluntary response?

A

A response that is done consciously

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16
Q

What is an involuntary response?

A

A response that is done unconsciously

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17
Q

What are neurones?

A

Elongated cells consisting of a cell body and a long thin axon

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18
Q

How do electrical impulses pass from one neurone to another?

A

Thin projections called dendrites extend from the cell body and connect with other neurones to allow electrical impulses to pass to other neurones

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19
Q

What causes the destruction of the myeline sheaf?

A

Demyelination

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20
Q

What happens if you have no/damaged myeline sheaf?

A

Takes longer for electrical impulses to pass leading to slower reaction time

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21
Q

What do sensory neurones do?

A

Transmit messages from sense receptors

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22
Q

What do motor neurones do?

A

Transmit messages from coordinators to effectors

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23
Q

How much of the body’s total weight does the brain compromise?

A

2%

24
Q

How much of the body’s total energy and oxygen intake does the brain use?

A

20%

25
Q

How much of the brain is water?

A

73%

26
Q

How many nerve impulses can a neurone transmit per second?

A

1000

27
Q

What age does the human brain fully reach maturity?

A

25 years old

28
Q

What does the cerebrum do?

A

Controls memory

29
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

Controls consciousness, language, thought, perceptions , memory and attention

30
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Received input from the sensory systems of the spinal cord and other parts of the brain

31
Q

Where is the medulla?

A

Brain stem

32
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

Controls unconscious activities (e.g. breathing, heartbeat, heart rate, gut, vomiting, blood pressure)

33
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

Produce and regulate hormones

34
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Controls instinctive behaviours - feeding, fleeing, fighting, mating - and links nervous and endocrine systems to pituitary gland

35
Q

What happened to Henry Gustav Molaison after he had his hippocampus removed?

A

Suffered memory loss - could not process short term memories into long term memories

36
Q

What happened to Victor Leborgne when he had a bleed in his Broca’s area?

A

He could only said one word - could not talk

37
Q

What can MRI scans do?

A

Show parts of brain that are affected by strokes and tumours

38
Q

What does the Retina do?

A

Allows you to see in dim light/colour

39
Q

What types of light receptors are in the Retina?

A

Cones and rods

40
Q

What does the Optic Nerve do?

A

Sends impulses to the brain so you can see

41
Q

What does the Sclera do?

A

Protects the rest of your eye

42
Q

What does the Cornea do?

A

Refracts light to the pupil

43
Q

What does the Iris do?

A

Changes size of pupil

44
Q

What do the Ciliary Muscles do?

A

Hold lens in place and can change shape of the lens

45
Q

What do the Suspensory Ligaments do?

A

Change shape of lens during accommodation

46
Q

What is Accommodation?

A

The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus the on the near or distant objects

47
Q

During accommodation, how do we see distant objects?

A

The ciliary muscles relax, suspensory ligaments tighten and the lens becomes stretched and less rounded

48
Q

During accommodation, how do we see nearby objects?

A

The ciliary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments slacken and the lens becomes short and more rounded

49
Q

What is myopia?

A

Short sightedness

50
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Long sightedness

51
Q

What is wrong with the eye if you have myopia?

A

Lens is too curved or eyeball is too long

52
Q

What is wrong with the eye when you have hyperopia?

A

Lens is too flat/thin or eyeball is too short

53
Q

How do you treat myopia?

A

Concave glasses/lenses ~ spread out light before it hits your eye

54
Q

How do you treat hyperopia?

A

Convex glasses/lenses ~ refract light before it hits the eye

55
Q

What does Laser Eye Surgery do?

A

Changes shape of lens/cornea

Biology GCSE (8 decks)

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