THE HUMAN ORGANISM Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
Study of the structure of the human body
A
Anatomy
2
Q
Scientific discipline that investigate’s the body’s structure
A
Anatomy
3
Q
Morphology of the structure
A
Anatomy
4
Q
Studies interrelationship of organs to one another
A
Anatomy
5
Q
Study of the function of the human body
A
Physiology
6
Q
Scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things
A
Physiology
7
Q
All about functions, processes, changes that is happening in the body
A
Physiology
8
Q
Considers changes from conception to 8th week development
A
Embryology
9
Q
Studies the structural changes that occur between conception and adulthood
A
Development anatomy
10
Q
Studies the progress and sequence of development of the structure of the body
A
Developmental anatomy
11
Q
Examines the structural features of cells using a microscope
A
Cytology
12
Q
Examines tissues which are composed of cells and the materials surrounding them
A
Histology
13
Q
Study of structure without the aid of microscope
A
Gross anatomy
14
Q
Observe and look the appearance of the structure of the human body
A
Gross anatomy
15
Q
Involves looking at the exterior of the body
A
Surface anatomy
16
Q
Everything that touch, feel, and palpate the structure of the body
A
Surface anatomy
17
Q
Uses radiographs, ultrasound, MRI, and other technologies
A
Anatomical imaging or image anatomy
18
Q
Studies the disease
A
Pathology
19
Q
Examines the processes occuring in cells
A
Cell physiology
20
Q
Considers the functions of organ systems
A
Systemic physiology
21
Q
Focuses on the nervous system
A
Neurophysiology
22
Q
Deals with the heart and blood vessels.
A
Cardiovascular physiology
23
Q
What are the six structural levels
A
Chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism
24
Q
Smallest structural level
A
Chemical level
25
The basic structural and functional
units of organisms, such as plants and
animals
Cell
26
The small structures that
| make up some cells
Organelle
27
A group of similar cells and
| the materials surrounding them
Tissue
28
Non-striated and
| involuntary.
Smooth muscle
29
the study of the microscopic
| structure of tissues
histology
30
Four types of tissues
Epithelial, Connective,
| Muscular, Nervous
31
composed of two or more
tissue types that together perform one
or more common functions.
organ
32
```
a group of organs
classified as a unit because of a common
function or set of functions
```
organ system
33
is any living thing considered
| as a whole, whether composed of one cell, such as a bacterium, or trillions of cells, such as human.
Organism
34
Smaller than atoms; electrically charge that interact with one another to produce reactions.
Subatomic particles
35
Elements
Atoms
36
Group of atoms
Molecules
37
Molecule that contains 2-3 elements.
Micromolecule
38
Carbohydrates, Protein, Nucleic Acids and Lipids
Macromolecules
39
small organ capable of carrying out specific metabolic functions
organelle
40
Functional unit of the body
Cell
41
Capable of carrying out metabolic functions alone
Cell
42
Made up of organelles
Cell
43
Multicellular or combination of 1 or more cells
Tissue
44
Made up of tissues
Organ
45
More complex function
Organ system
46
Human
Organism
47
largest system of the body since it covers the entire body.
Integumentary System
48
provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.
Integumentary System
49
Regulates the body temperature by means of releasing sweat.
Integumentary System
50
provides protection and support specifically to the brain, heart, and lungs, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue.
Skeletal System
51
Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.
Skeletal System
52
Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.
Muscular System
53
produces body movements, maintains posture and produces body heat.
Muscular System
54
give form and shape; provide anchor or allows to move/ locomote.
Muscular System
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Skeletal + muscular
Musculoskeletal System
56
body’s central framework
Skeletal System
57
body’s command center and Central Processing Center or Unit
Nervous System
58
regulates, controls, and dictates the entire body.
Nervous System
59
a major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.
Nervous system
60
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors or autonomic structures.
Nervous system
61
concerned with production of hormones (ex. pituitary glands)
Endocrine System
62
a major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.
Endocrine System
63
Consists of glands such as the pituitary that secretes hormones.
Endocrine system
64
transports nutrients, waste production, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature.
Cardiovascular System
65
Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
Cardiovascular System
66
distributes the nutrients and oxygen back to the heart and other organs
Cardiovascular system
67
main pumping organ
heart
68
carry oxygenated blood
arteries
69
distributed the blood back to the heart.
veins
70
distribute lymph (fluid found on the body other than the blood)
Lymphatic system
71
secretes and produce antibodies for virus.
Lymphatic system
72
removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract.
lymphatic system
73
Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs.
lymphatic system
74
converting large molecules to small molecules
Digestive System
75
tubular structure
Digestive System
76
performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
Digestive System
77
Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.
Digestive System
78
2 TYPES OF DIGESTIVE
1. Tube – mouth to intestines
| 2. Accessory Digestive Glands – liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
79
main function is for exchanging of gases; inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide.
Respiratory System
80
exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.
Respiratory System
81
Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages.
Respiratory System
82
LUNGS: main respiratory organ; made up of 2 lobes. What?
1. Upper R.S. (common passage of air)
| 2. Lower R.S.
83
responsible for releasing of toxins; for production of urine that is need to be eliminated from the body.
Urinary System
84
removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.
Urinary System
85
Consists of the kidneys (cleanses and removes toxins from the body), urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine.
Urinary system
86
responsible for increasing the number of organism; perpetuation for reproduction
Male Reproductive System
87
produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.
Male Reproductive System
88
Consists of the testes (main organ that is responsible for sperm production), accessory structures, ducts, and penis.
Male Reproductive System
89
produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development produces milk for the newborn, produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.
Female Reproductive System
90
Consists of the ovaries (responsible for egg cell production), uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, and associated structures.
Female Reproductive System
91
Male and Female Reproductive System can also be Endocrine System since it secretes hormones. T or F
T
92
Reproductive and Urinary System
GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM
93
is commonly used to evaluate the condition of the fetus during pregnancy.
Ultrasound
94
is a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body.
Magnetic Resonance Imagining
95
change in position; motion
Movement
96
locomotion – moved with a distance; changing positions; entails movement
Movement
97
reaction to a change
Responsiveness
98
Ability to respond; adapt to changes in environment
Responsiveness
99
any reaction to prevent from danger
Stimuli
100
2 types of stimuli
physical stimuli that is changes in external environment; and
chemical stimuli that is to respond/react, internal stimuli, and alternation of chemical components of the body
101
Ability to increase in body size; no change in shape
Growth
102
Ability to increase in body size; no change in shape
Growth
103
production of new organisms and new cells
Reproduction
104
increase the number of species
Reproduction
105
Process of gas exchange: obtaining oxygen; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods
Respiration
106
breakdown of food substances into simpler forms.
Digestion
107
passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids
Absorption
108
Happen in small intestines where the food passage in and diffuses out.
Absorption
109
movement of substance in body fluids
Circulation
110
• Necessary nutrient are distributed by the blood (main medium of transport) to the cell.
Circulation
111
utilization of nutrients, oxygen, and other substances to be converted to other forms of energy
Assimilation
112
• Cells absorbed the digested nutrients
Assimilation
113
removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions
Excretion
114
Elimination of waste products like toxins.
Excretion
