the impact of smoking and vaping on australias health status

Question 1

smoking

Answer 1

is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke is inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream eg. tobacco, marijuana

Question 2

vaping

Answer 2

relates to the use of e-cigarettes.
battery-powered devices that use an element that turn liquid into vapor that is then inhaled into the lungs
while the consequences of vaping are somewhat unknown, it is predicted to be similar to those of smoking

Question 3

cigarettes and vapes contain

Answer 3

• nicotine
• formaldehyde
• acetaldehyde
• particulate matter
  known as carcinogens

Question 4

carcinogens

Answer 4

things that have the potential to cause cancer

Question 5

smoking and vaping leads to

Answer 5

• increased risk of infection
• cardiovascular disease
• back pain
• respiratory damage
• lung, mouth and stomach cancers
• prenatal and infant health outcomes

Question 6

smoking - cardiovascular disease

Answer 6

• reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood
• increases blood pressure and heart rate
• chemicals in tobacco smoke can thicken the blood, making it sticky and more likely to form clots which can block arteries and cause a heart attack and restrict blood flow

Question 7

smoking - cancer

Answer 7

• can cause cancer by damaging DNA cna causing a fault in cells as they divide which can lead to the growth of tumors
• most preventable risk factor for cancer and related deaths
• lung, mouth, tongue, throat, oesophagus

Question 8

smoking - prenatal/infant health outcomes

Answer 8

• use during reduces blood flow to the baby
• prevents oxygen from crossing the placenta which means nutrients may not be able to reach the baby, resulting in an underdeveloped fetus and low birth weight
• low birth weight means the immune system is under developed meaning they are more susceptible to infectious diseases + death

Question 9

smoking - asthma

Answer 9

• exposure to smoke in early life increases the risk of developing asthma
• asthma narrows airways and tobacco smoke can worsen these symptoms

Question 10

smoking and COPD

Answer 10

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• includes chronic bronchitis + emphysema
• reduced airflow and ability to utilise oxygen because of tissue damage
• tobacco smoke causes inflammation of the airways and destroys the airsacs in the lungs

Question 11

smoking - back pain and problems

Answer 11

• carbon monoxide binds haemoglobin which carries oxygen which means oxygen can no longer bind to it
• reduced blood flow to cells, meaning the discs in the spine that protect the vertebrae dont have a lot of oxygen or nutrients and can become damaged, leading to pain
• also contributes to inflammation which can reduce immune system effectiveness
• chronic coughs also cause excess strain on the back muscles and can lead to bulged discs

Question 12

smoking - infectious diseases

Answer 12

• contributes to inflammation which can reduce immune system effectiveness which increases the risk of infectious diseases eg respiratory tract infections + pneumonia

Question 13

vaping - lung disease

Answer 13

• vapes contain over 200 chemicals
• allows tiny particles to be inhaled into the lungs which spread and settle in the airways
• leads to ‘popcorn lung’ (bronchiolitis obliterans)
• ultrafine particles in aerosol can cause lung diseases like pneumonia

Question 14

vaping - injuries

Answer 14

• batteries can overheat and explode or catch fire, causing severe burns when they explode in peoples hands, pockets or mouths
• can also cause injuries when parts of the exploding devices becomes embedded into the body