The Inner Ear

Question 1

A series of tunnels and cavities hollowed out of the Petro us portion of the temporal bone.

Answer 1

The Inner Ear

Question 2

What two fluids reside in the inner ear?

Answer 2

Perilymph Fluid and Endolymph Fluid

Question 3

Which fluid in the inner ear is the outer fluid

Answer 3

Perilymph Fluid

Question 4

Which Fluid in the inner ear is the Inner fluid?

Answer 4

Endolymph Fluid

Question 5

What is the purpose of the three semi circular canals

Answer 5

Outer portion contains perilymph fluid which protects the membranous Endolymph fluid. The canals detect rotational movement in any direction for balance and equilibrium. They serve no hearing purpose

Question 6

The meeting place for the semi- circular canals and the stapes footplate and cochlea

Answer 6

Vestibule

Question 7

The Vestibule contains two membranous sacs from the semi circular canal, what are they?

Answer 7

Utricle (top) and Saccule (below

Question 8

What fluid is where in the utricle and saccule

Answer 8

Both contain Endolymph fluid inside and Perilymph fluid surrounds the outside of the utricle and saccule

Question 9

What are the two outer tubes of the cochlea and what fluid do they contain?

Answer 9

Scala vestibuli (top) and Scala Tympani (bottom) both contain Perilymph fluid

Question 10

What is the smaller triangular tube between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, and what type of fluid does that contain

Answer 10

Scala Media and it contains Endolymph fluid

Question 11

What two tubes in the cochlea meet at the helicotrema?

Answer 11

Scala tympani and Scala vestibuli

Question 12

What rocks in the oval window in response to the sound waves arriving from ED

Answer 12

Stapes Footplate

Question 13

What does the Reissners Membrane Separate

Answer 13

The Scala Media and Scala Vestibuli

Question 14

What does the Basilar’s Membrane separate?

Answer 14

Scala Media from the Scala Tympani

Question 15

What is the Baislar membrane the base of?

Answer 15

The Organ of Corti

Question 16

What 3 membranes run the length of the Scala Media?

Answer 16

Reissner’s, Basilar, and Tectoral as well as Organ of corti

Question 17

The base of the cochlea, nearest the oval window responds to what frequencies

Answer 17

High Frequencies

Question 18

The part of the cochlea farthest away, at the apex responds to what frequencies

Answer 18

Low frequencies

Question 19

States there are certain places in the cochlea , the pathways to the brain and the me-oral lobe itself for specific frequencies

Answer 19

Place Theory

Question 20

States that transmission from neural energy from the inner ear to brain volleys in sequence to accomplish the desired frequency

Answer 20

Volley Theory

Question 21

States that at or below 1k Hz the place Theory is right and above 1k Hz the Volley Theory is right

Answer 21

Temporal Theory

Question 22

What makes up the Auditory Nerve (VIII Nerve)

Answer 22

Cochlea Nerves and the Vestibular Nerve

Question 23

The ganglion unite like a cable forming what?

Answer 23

The Cochlear Nerve and transmits electro chemical energy

Question 24

In what 2 ways can the Nerve fibers operate

Answer 24

Rest and Fire, there is no in between based on the level of sound. For both loud and soft sounds it gets the same reaction. It cannot be exercised or strengthened as well.

Question 25

Consists of 30k neural fibers with 92% of these fibers connecting to the inner hair cells and 5% to outer Hair cells

Answer 25

The VIII Cranial Nerve - Auditory Nerve

Question 26

Afferent Fibers

Answer 26

Transmits from cochlea to brain

Question 27

Efferent Fibers

Answer 27

Transmit from brain to cochlea

Question 28

Listens with one ear only, when source of sound is on opposite side the sound has to travel over head to be heard

Answer 28

Far- Ear Effect or Head Shadow effect

Question 29

The ability to filter out background noise. Can only work if both ears are balanced. Cannot be beneficial if one aided

Answer 29

Binaural Squelch Effect

Question 30

A combination of similar but not identical signals at the two ears. If presenting one HF tone and a LF tone simultaneously and you hear one combined tone

Answer 30

Binaural Fusion

Question 31

Refers to the phenomenon that a sound heard with two ears is usually louder than the same sound heard with one

Answer 31

Binaural Summation

Question 32

What are the 4 types of Presbycusis?

Answer 32

1. Sensory 2. Central 3. Metabolic 4. Mechanical

Question 33

Type of Presbycusis that involves the hair cells and PT exhibits an abrupt HF Loss

Answer 33

Sensory Presbycusis

Question 34

Type of Presbycusis that creates a mild loss with gradual loss in HF, usually from ganglion cell loss. Poor Discrimination and common in PT with Ateriosclerosis

Answer 34

Central Presbycusis

Question 35

Type of Presbycusis with HL usually causing a defect in the chemical composition of Endolymph bc of atrophy (drying up) in Stria Vascularis, Flat HL

Answer 35

Metabolic Presbycusis

Question 36

Type of Presbycusis that results from a change in the stiffness or compliance of the Basilar Membrane or fixation of the stapes. Slowly progressing Loss with sharp changes in HF

Answer 36

Mechanical Presbycusis

Question 37

An excess of Endolymph fluid, a disorder of the entire inner ear not just the cochlea. Symptoms include, tinnitus, vertigo and HL

Answer 37

Menier’s Syndrome

Question 38

In a cross section of the cochlea, the minimum number of rows of hair cells you can see is

Answer 38

4

Question 39

The total number of neural fiber or neurons in the human auditory nerve is about:

Answer 39

30,000

Question 40

The basilar membrane separates

Answer 40

The scala media and the scala tympani

Question 41

The scala tympani is filled with:

Answer 41

Perilymph

Question 42

The base of the cochlea

Answer 42

Begins at the oval window

Question 43

The fibers of the auditory nerve at the point of maximum stimulation of the basilar membrane, discharge and recover at a rate of approximately:

Answer 43

Up to 1Khz identical to the stimulus freq

Question 44

Each of the semi-circular canals:

Answer 44

Are oriented at 90 degrees to one another Contain perilymph and endolymph Detect positioning and balance

Question 45

Collections of the nerve fibers are called

Answer 45

ganglia and nuclei

Question 46

What is the result of tissue and structure damage

Answer 46

Threshold shift Distortion of perception of frequencies Disturbance of perception of loudness

Question 47

A sensorineural HL is due to a disorder in the

Answer 47

Inner ear

Question 48

A symptom of recruitment is

Answer 48

Intolerance of loud sounds

Question 49

Malingering is a category of

Answer 49

Non organic loss

Question 50

Meniere’s syndrome consists of

Answer 50

Tinnitus, vertigo and HL

Question 51

An organic disorder is when there is damage to

Answer 51

The hearing mechanism The neural pathways The brain

Question 52

Loudness recruitment

Answer 52

Refers to abnormal loudness growth of clients with sensorineural hearing

Question 53

Tinnitus is

Answer 53

Often managed by HA’s or tinnitus maskers

Question 54

A characteristic of conductive loss is

Answer 54

A soft spoken patient

Question 55

What is not a characteristic of a sensorineural loss

Answer 55

Hearing better in noise than quiet