The Integumentary System

Question 1

Name the 4 types of membranes found in the integumentary system.

Answer 1

Mucous membranes, serous membranes, cutaneous membrane, and synovial membrane

Question 2

When two or more tissues make up something it is considered an:

Answer 2

Organ

Question 3

Define mucous membrane:

Answer 3

Moist, relatively delicate membranes, coverings of internal spaces that are open to the outside of the body.

Question 4

Define serous membranes:

Answer 4

Lining body cavities with parietal and visceral layers with serous fluid in between.

Question 5

Define the cutaneous membrane:

Answer 5

Largest organ in the body with a prominent multi layered epithelium called the epidermis and thicker connective tissue layer called the dermis. Covers most surfaces of the body.

Question 6

Define the synovial membranes:

Answer 6

Found lining just a portion of the interior of a freely movable joint. It is discontinuous with gaps and is over a connective tissue layer.

Question 7

Name the 4 primary structures of the cutaneous membrane

Answer 7

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer

Question 8

Name the structure of the dermis that intimately interconnects the epidermis and dermis to create a very strong bond between them.

Answer 8

Dermal papillae

Question 9

Define basement membrane

Answer 9

“Glue like” layer that follows the boundary between the epidermis and dermis

Question 10

Name the cell type located in the epidermis

Answer 10

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

Name the six parts of the epidermis

Answer 11

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum, and basement membrane

Question 12

Name the location in the epidermis where keratinocytes grow

Answer 12

Stratum germinativum

Question 13

Name the characteristics of keratinocytes

Answer 13

Dominant cell type, reproducing on a regular basis within the stratum germinativum, pushed into the stratum spinosum and aging as they ascend layers

Question 14

Name the characteristics of melanocytes

Answer 14

Found in the stratum germinativum, pigment producing cells that are devoid of any pigment, transfer pigment to keratinocytes, protects the nucleus from sun damage

Question 15

Name the characteristics of Langerhans cells

Answer 15

Found in the stratum spinosum
Surveilling for any pathogens that can enter due to breaks in the skin
Sets up alarm to immune system and provide some protective defense

Question 16

Name the six accessory organs of the skin

Answer 16

Hair follicles and hair, nails, glands, exocrine glands of the skin, sensory endings, and vasculature

Question 17

Define secretion and excretion

Answer 17

Secretion: moves product from cell to body cavity
Excretion: moves product from body cavity to outside

Question 18

Define exocrine

Answer 18

Has duct that secretes

Question 19

Define holocrine

Answer 19

Secretory cells that release their products by rupturing and releasing their entire cellular contents
“Whole cell dies and becomes the secretion”

Question 20

Define apocrine

Answer 20

Release their products by pinching off a portion of their cytoplasm while keeping the nucleus intact
“A Piece breaks off to be secreted”

Question 21

Define merocrine/eccrine

Answer 21

Release their product through exocytosis without losing any cellular material
“Releases through the membrane”

Question 22

What are the two exocrine glands of the skin?

Answer 22

Sebaceous glands
Suderiferous / sweat glands

Question 23

Name the 4 sensory endings

Answer 23

Free nerve endings
Meissner’s corpuscle
Root hair plexus
Pacinian corpuscle
“Free My Pain, Rude!”

Question 24

Name the two types of vasculature found in the skin

Answer 24

Cutaneous plexus: brings blood from heart to cutaneous membrane
Papillary plexus: supplies dermal papillae

Question 25

Define keratin

Answer 25

waterproofing protein; functions to protect cutaneous membrane from desiccation

Question 26

Define sebaceous gland

Answer 26

Oil secreting gland often associated with the hair follicle

Question 27

Define hair bulb

Answer 27

Enlarged region at the base of the hair follicle; contains the actively dividing germinative cells

Question 28

Define arrector pili muscle

Answer 28

ribbon of smooth muscle associated with the follicle; responsible for raising and standing the hair upright 

Question 29

Define stratum basale (germinativum)

Answer 29

deepest layer of cuboidal epithelial cells responsible for the mitotic division and production of all overlying epidermal cells

Question 30

Define melanin

Answer 30

dark pigment secreted into the epidermal cells ; responsible for protecting underlying tissue from damaging UV light

Question 31

Define synovial membrane

Answer 31

membranes that line and enclose freely movable joints (elbow, knee, hip)

Question 32

Define dermal papilla

Answer 32

"nipple" or cone shaped projections of dermal tissue into epidermal tissue

Question 33

Define merkel cells

Answer 33

specialized sensory epithelial cells found in areas of the skin which lack hair 

Question 34

Define epidermis

Answer 34

stratified squamous epithelial tissue comprising the surgface of the cutaneous membrane 

Question 35

Define reticular region

Answer 35

dense irregular connective tissue region of the dermis; primarily functions as support and house the integument's accessory structures

Question 36

Define subcutaneous layer

Answer 36

the specialized connective tissue functioning to connect the integument down to underlying muscle

Question 37

Define lamina propria

Answer 37

the connective tissue specific to mucous membrane

Question 38

Define tactile corpuscle

Answer 38

specialized nerve fibers surrounded by connective tissue located within the dermal papillae of the skin 

Question 39

Define papillary plexus

Answer 39

the small network of blood vessels (capillaries) residing within the dermal papillae; supplying nutrients of epidermal tissue

Question 40

Define apocrine gland

Answer 40

primarily located in the axilla, areola of breast, and anogenital area. secretory products are more viscous and tend to have a stronger odor

Question 41

Define hair follicle

Answer 41

Invagination of the epidermis into the dermis; epidermal structure responsible for the production of hair