The Integumentary System Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the layers of the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous (hypodermis)
What is the epidermis?
Superficial, thinner portion, keratinised stratified epithelial tissue. Avascular, layered, epidermal ridges - finger prints and toes prints
What is the dermis?
Thicker connective tissue, vascular. Fibres extend from the dermis anchor the skin to the the subcutaneous layer
What is the subcutaneous layer?
It is not part of the skin, areolar and adipose tissue. contains Pacinian Corpuscles (nerve endings sensitive to pressure)
What makes up the epidermis?
- Keratinocyte (90%)
- Melanocytes (8%)
- Intraepidermal macrophage
- Tactile epithelial cells
What are the layers of the epidermis?
5) Stratum corneum
4) Stratum lucidum
3) Stratum granulosum
2) Stratum spinosum
1) Stratum basale
What are the 2 regions of the dermis?
- Superficial papillary region
- Deeper reticular region
What are the accessory structures of the skin?
- Hair
- Nails
- Skin glands
What are the main functions of hair?
- Protection from sunlight
- Sweat
- Cosmetic identity
What are the 3 stages of hair follicle growth?
- Androgen
- Catagen
- Telogen
What are the functions of nails?
- Protect ends of fingers and toes
- Support the palmar surface
- grasp, manipulate small object and scratch objects
What are sebaceous/ oil glands?
Secretion of sebum for moisturising the skin, prevent dryness, keep the skin soft.
What are the sudoriferious/ sweat glands?
Are involved in emotional sweating
What are eccrine sweat glands?
These help to regulate body temperature through evaporation
What are apocrine sweat glands?
These do not help to regulate temperature. They only begin to function after puberty and open onto the hair follicles
What are ceruminous glands?
Located in the external ear. The glands produce waxy lubricating secretion - cerumen
What are mammary glands?
Modified sweat glands that produce milk
What affects skin colour?
Capillaries in the skin, carrying oxygenated red blood contribute to skin colour. When blood vessels dilate from heat the skin turns red and when blood flow decreases skin pales
What are the functions of the skin?
- Thermoregulation
- Blood reservoir
- Protection
- Sensations
- Excretion and absorption
- Vitamin D synthesis
What are the stages of wound healing?
- Hemostasis and coagulation
- Inflammation
- Proliferative and Migration
- Remodelling
