The Integumentary System Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
The study of the skins functions
A
Skin Physiology
2
Q
Microscopic study of the skins tissues
A
Skin Histology
3
Q
made up of the skin and its layers
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Integumentary System
4
Q
Study of the skin, its structure, functions, diseases and treatment
A
Dermatology
5
Q
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair, and nails
A
Dermatologist
6
Q
What are the 6 functions of the skin
A
Protection, Absorption, Secretion, Regulation, Sensation
7
Q
Major protein substance that contains several chemical elements such as carbon oxygen hydrogen
A
Keratin
8
Q
What are fingernails and hair made of
A
hard keratin
9
Q
What is skin made of
A
Soft Keratin
10
Q
What are the 3 main layers of the skin
A
Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous
11
Q
The outermost, protective layer of skin. Primarily made of keratinocytes
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Epidermis
12
Q
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis
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Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum
13
Q
Top, toughest layer of the epidermis
A
Stratum Corneum
14
Q
Layer of the epidermis that is thickest on palms and soles of feet, with no hair follicles
A
Stratum Lucidum
15
Q
Layer of the epidermis where the primary function of protection begins
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Stratum Granulosum
16
Q
Layer of the epidermis that contains T Cells, and is 8 to 10 layers of spines
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Stratum Spinosum
17
Q
The lowest layer of the epidermis
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Stratum Germinativum
18
Q
Give skin its color
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Melanocytes
19
Q
Touch receptors, or sensory cells that are only found in thick skin
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Merkel Cells
20
Q
Intracellular vesicles which maintain melanin produced from melanocytes
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Melanosomes
21
Q
What is the chemical conversion of living cells to dead protein cells called
A
Keratinization
22
Q
Intercellular connections that tightly interconnect with keratinocytes
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Desmosomes
23
Q
Transparent layer between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum
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Stratum Lucidum
24
Q
Layer of the epidermis that contains cells that look like tiny granules which also replace the cells in the stratum corneum
A
Stratum Granulosum
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Cells that help protect the body from infection by ‘’seeing’’ antigens
Langerhans Cells
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Cells that continuously divide through mitosis
Basal Cells
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Touch receptors or sensory cells that are found in thick skin
Merkel Cells
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Layer of skin made of connective tissue
Dermis
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Cells that aid in production of collagen and elastin
Fibroblast Cells
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Fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue
Elastin
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Strong protein that strengthens and gives skin structure. Also a major component of wound healing.
Collagen
32
Cells that respond to allergies by releasing histamines
Mast Cells
33
What are the 4 main receptors for sensation called
Meissners Corpuscles, Ruffini’s Corpuscles, Pacimian Corpuscles, Krause’s End Bulbs
34
Touch receptor within the dermal layer of the skin that reports cold, fine touch, light pressure, and low frequency vibrations
Meissners Corpuscles
35
Sensory cell, heat receptor within the dermal layer of the skin sensitive to long term pressure
Ruffini’s Corpuscles
36
Deep pressure and paid receptor within the dermal layer of the skin
Pacinian Corpuscle
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Pressure and pain receptor within the dermal layer of the skin
Krause’s End Bulbs
38
Sweat gland located under the arm, in the genital area, and the nipple. Secretes an odorless substance, which is triggered by emotions rather than hormones.
Apocrine Gland
39
Sweat glands located throughout the entire body. Most abundant on the forehead, the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. Open directly onto the skin’s surface through pores, not associated with hair follicles
Eccrine Glands
40
Also called oil gland or duct gland. Part of the integumentary system that secretes into canal like structures, or ducts and deposits its contents on the surface of the skin.
Sebaceous Glands
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Gland that produces sweat, a mixture of water, urea, electrolytes, and lactic acid
Sudoriferous Gland
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Protective layer of the skin formed by a mixture of sebum and sweat combined with lipids, minerals and moisture
Acid Mantle
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Muscle attached to hair follicles. Pushes sebum from glands to openings. Contract reflexively in response to cold.
Arrector Pili
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Bottom layer of the skin that insulated and acts as a shock absorber to protect the bones, and help support other delicate structures. Also called the subdermis or subcutis.
Subcutaneous Layer
45
What are the 5 types of tissue
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nerve, Liquid
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Epithelial tissue is located where
Epidermis
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Connective tissue is located where
Dermis
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Muscular tissue is located where
Muscles
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Nerve tissue is located where
Nerves
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Liquid tissue is located where
Blood and Lymph
51
What are 4 examples of connective tissue
Collagen and Elastin, Ligaments, Tendons, Cartilage
52
Connective tissue that holds bones to other bones
Ligaments
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Connective tissue that attaches the epidermis to the subcutaneous layer
Collagen and Elastin
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Connective tissue that ties muscles to bone
Tendons
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Connective tissue that lines parts of bones that would otherwise rub against each other, AKA joints
Cartilage
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Outermost layer of the skin
Epidermis
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Skin’s main support system
Dermis
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Provides a protective barrier
Epidermis
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True skin
Dermis
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Insulated and acts as a shock absorber
Subcutaneous Layer
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Body’s cushioning
Subcutaneous layer
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Process of absorption into the skin
Transdermal Penetration
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4 primary ways products are absorbed into the skin
Pores, Hair Follicles, Intercellular cement, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands
64
Dry, sensitive irritated skin.. excess inflammation in skin linings of nose or lungs.
Atopic Dermatitis
65
How to treat Atopic Dermatitis
Heavy moisturizing lotions or steroid cremes, humidifier post bath
66
Allergic or non allergic rash, eruption in specific area of contact with substance
Contact Dermatitis
67
Redness and scale pinkish yellow patches that have an oily appearance. Form of eczema, usually affects the scalp
Dermatitis
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Non contagious and inherited condition that produces thick, scaly, silvery patches surrounded in red. Not curable
Psoriasis
69
How to treat Psoriasis
Coal tar preparation, steroid cremes, vitamin A, ultraviolet light therapy, RX
70
Dry moist lesions. An eruption of small vesicles and watery discharge. Non contagious, chronic or acute
Eczema
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Allergic reaction, eruption of wheals or urticaria. rashes that are triggered by release of histamine
Hives
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Discoloration on skins surface, large freckle.
Macule
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Solid formation above skin associated with bug bite or allergic reaction
Wheal
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Small elevation, usually inflammatory, no puss
Papule
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Next step from papule, filled with bacterial fluid and puss
Pustule
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fluid filled elevation caused by localized accumulation of fluid or blood just below the epidermis. AKA blister
Vesicle
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Solid mass within skin, soft or hard, fixed or moving
Nodule
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Abnormal membranous sac with gaseous, liquid, or semi solid substance
Cyst
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Dried mass, remains of oozing sore, scab or sore
Crust
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Mechanical abrasion of epidermis, bright and dar red because of dried blood. Occurs with insect bites, scabs, scratched acne’s
Excoriation
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Shedding of dead skin cells of uppermost layer of epidermis
Scale
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Formation resulting from lesion, extremes to dermis or deeper. Normal during healing process
Scar
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Crack or line in skin as deep as dermis
Fissure
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Open lesion visible on surface of skin, may result in loss of portions of dermis. May be accompanies by puss. Avoid skincare products on this type of lesion.
Ulcer
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Highly contagious viral infection that lies dormant between outbreaks. Causes an eruptive blister like cluster that is typically found on the mucous membranes or skin around the mouth, nose or genial area.
Herpes Simplex
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Condition caused by Varicella-Zoster virus, which is a relative of the herpes family that causes chickenpox AKA shingles
Herpes Zoster
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Highly contagious bacterial infection caused by the Staphylococcus Aureus or Streptococcus A organism
Impetigo
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Medical term for ringworm, contagious fungal disease characterized by a red circular patch of blisters, caused by fungal vegetable parasite.
Tinea
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Fungal infection affective the trunk, legs or arms. Characterized by a pink to red rash and itching
Tinea Corporis
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Commonly known as Tri Color Yeast infection or Pityriasis versicolor. A non contagious infection that produces hypopigmented areas, usually on the neck, chest, back, and arms.
Tinea Versicolor
91
Viral infection on the top layer of the skin caused by Human Papilloma Virus or HPV, also called a verruca
Warts
92
Common skin infection caused by yeast
Candida Albicans
93
AKA conjunctivitis, extremely contagious bacterial infection that affects the membrane that lines the eyelids
Pink eye
94
Also called xerosis, dry scaly skin caused by reduced sebum production
Aseatosis
95
Skin condition caused by excess secretion of the sebaceous glans, commonly associated with oil skin types
Seborrhea
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Also called a wen, harmless sebaceous cyst filled with sebum. Considered to be a tumor of the sebaceous gland
Steatoma
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Also called a boil, a painful infection of a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue that appears as a firm nodule its a central, hard, puss filled core
Furuncle
98
Sebaceous gland disorder, group of boils, very painful acute bacterial infection characterized buy inflammation that involves several hair follicles and the adjacent subcutaneous tissue
Carbuncle
99
Skin condition, chronic inflammatory condition of the face in which the small capillaries of the face become dilated and inflamed. Vascular disorder characterized by flushed redness and small red bumps
Rosacea
100
skin condition, more severe form of rosacea that causes the tissue of the nose to swell and enlarge
Rhinophyma
101
Open follicle with a black surface plug, which has been oxidized and discolored due to the sebum contact with the air
Blackheads
102
Plugged sebaceous gland with an opening that is not widely dilated, also referred to as a closed comedo
Whitehead
103
Small elevation of the skin, usually inflamed, that does not contain puss
Papule
104
Primary lesion, next step in the progression from a papule. filled with bacterial fluid and puss
Pustule
105
Pearly white enclosed cyst, also referred to as baby acne
Milia
106
Skin condition characterized by inflammatory hard lesions found deeper in the skin at the point where the hair follicle becomes plugged with dead skin cells
Nodular Cystic Acne
107
Mild chronic inflammatory skin disorder, consists of open and closed comedones scattered over less than half the areas of the face or back
Grade 1 Acne
108
Moderate chronic inflammatory skin disorder, consists of an increased number of open and closed comedones as well as an occasional papule or pustule
Grade 2 Acne
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Moderately severe chronic inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by numerous open and closed comedones, papeles, pustules, and occasional cysts
Grade 3 Acne
110
Severe chronic inflammatory skin disorder, consists of numerous papule and pustules as well as a large number of cysts on the face, chest, and or back
Grade 4 Acne
111
Ingredient used to dry and exfoliate
Benzoyl Peroxide
112
Medication prescribed by a physician to dry the skin and kill the bacteria that causes acne, rosacea and other skin conditions. will heighten sensitivity and dryness. may be a possible contraindication for exfoliation treatments and waxing
Topical Antibiotics
113
Medication prescribed for acne, hyperpigmentation, premature aging and rosacea. can cause dryness, increase sensitivity and irritati9on, contains tretinoin, a powerful derivative of vitamin a that dries the skin and promotes rapid exfoliation
Retin A
114
Beta hydroxy acid that mildly dries and promoted cell turnover by producing a mild keratolytic action
Salicylic Acid
115
Form of alpha hydroxy acid that is an excellent source of skin renewal and exfoliation since it had the smaller molecular structure of all HAs and can penetrate the skin quickly
Glycolic Acid
116
Sometimes called osmidrosis, a foul smelling perspiration caused by the yeast and bacteria that break down the seat on the surface of the skin
Bromidrosis
117
Body condition that identifies a lack of perspiration caused by failure of the sweat glands
Anhidrosis
118
Condition involving an over production of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness
Hyperhidrosis
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Condition characterized by an acute burning, itching rash caused by excessive heat
Miliaria Rubra
120
Also called mole, regularly shaped skin growth, harmless collection of pigmented cells. can be raised or flat
Benign Growth
121
Skin growth, can be flat or raised and irregular in shape and border
pre malignant growths
122
Irregularly shaped, scaly, red pink skin growths that feel rough to the touch and occur on sun exposed areas
Actinic Keratosis
123
Common malignant lesion that tends to appear translucent, has irregular borders and tiny blood vessels running through it
Basal Cell Cercinoma
124
Malignant cell growth, an irregular, crusted, ref papule that occurs in sun exposed areas and may be an actinic keratosis that went untreated. These lesions are dangerous and need to be removed.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
125
Most dangerous skin growth that evolves from flat or raised pigmented lesions anywhere on the body. pre cancerous growths that, if untreated, will change in color, size, an shape and, over time, will become malignant.
Melanoma
126
What 4 things are important to pay attention to when it comes to skin growths
Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter
127
Congenital disease that results in the failure of the skin to produce melanin
Albinism
128
Congenital disorder that occurs when the skin lacks pigmentation due to a decrease in melanocyte activity
Leukoderma
129
Acquired skin disease characterized by white patches caused by loss of pigment in melanin cells
Vitiligo
130
Birthmark or congenital mole
Nevus
131
Also known as a freckle, small yellowish or brownish spot on the skin particularly on the face, hands or neck
Lentigo
132
Pigmentation disorder that results from trauma to tissues from acne, burns, injury or some skin rashes such as dermatitis or psoriasis
Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation PIH
133
AKA chloasma, a common disorder in pregnant women that results in increased pigmentation causing light to dark patched to occur on the face
Melasma
134
Skins natural aging process
Intrinsic Aging
135
Also known as skin deterioration,k aging factor caused by external factors within an individuals control, sun exposure, smoking and alcohol
Extrinsic Aging
136
Term used to identify conditions that are intense and severe, implies rapid onset
Acute
137
Inflammatory disorder of the skin
Dermatitis
138
Allergic reaction to certain cosmetics or chemicals, form of contact dermatitis that frequently occurs on the skin or professionals working with wet product
Dermatitis Venenata
139
Skin condition involving the swilling of tissue or skin caused by an excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissue
Edema
140
Redness of the skin caused by dilation or congestion of the capillaries
Erythema
141
Study of the cause of diseases, disorders, or conditions
Etiology
142
Skin condition involving excess amount of keratin cells production on the stratum corneum, or horny layer of the skin
Hyperkeratosis
143
Build up of skin cells on the epidermis
Keratosis
144
Signs of illness visible to the eye such as papule, pustules, and redness
Objective Symptom
145
Health condition created or influenced by the employment environment
Occupational Disorder
146
Skin condition caused by animal or vegetable parasites, such as pediculosis AKA lice, or ringworm
Parasitic Disease
147
Study of diseases and disorders, their causes, processes, development and consequences
Pathology
148
Medical term predicting the probable course and outcome of a condition, disorder or disease
Prognosis
149
Inflammation in the skin that causes sever itching, usually found on un damaged skin
Pruritos
150
Skin condition or disorder that is influenced by the weather or seasonal changes
Seasonal disease
151
Symptom that can be felt by the client but is not visible to others, such as itching and burning
Subjective symptoms
152
Disease that is active internally through the body system
Systemic Disease
