The Judicial Branch

Question 1

judicial review

Answer 1

power to decide constitutionality of an act of government

Question 2

writ of certiorari

Answer 2

orders lower court to send case records up for review

Question 3

certificate

Answer 3

process used when lower court is unclear of procedure or applicable law in this case

Question 4

federalism

Answer 4

division of power between supreme court and its subdivisions

Question 5

judicial restraint

Answer 5

judges follow what the constitution says

Question 6

judicial activism

Answer 6

judges follow what they think the authors of the constitution meant

Question 7

rule of 4

Answer 7

4 judges must agree to bring up a case to the supreme court

Question 8

precedent

Answer 8

to follow guidelines on consistency

Question 9

briefs

Answer 9

homework for lawyers/ detailed written statements

Question 10

solicitor general

Answer 10

person who defends the United States in court

Question 11

conferences

Answer 11

justices have conferences on fridays where they discuss cases and vote

Question 12

sedition

Answer 12

attempt to overthrow the government

Question 13

seditious speech

Answer 13

the advocating of attempting to overthrow the government

Question 14

slander

Answer 14

false and malicious use of spoken words

Question 15

libel

Answer 15

false and malicious use of printed words

Question 16

symbolic speech

Answer 16

non-vocal free speech

Question 17

clear and present danger

Answer 17

free speech is not protected if the government has the understanding that you will disrupt peace

Question 18

who said “freedom of speech is for unpopular speech”

Answer 18

oliver wendell holmes (past supreme court justice)

Question 19

who is john marshall

Answer 19

chief justice in marbury v madison case

Question 20

establishment cause

Answer 20

1st amendment prohibits the establishment of a religion

Question 21

free exercise clause

Answer 21

1st amendment prohibits any arbitrary interference by government with “the free exercise thereof”

Question 22

parochial

Answer 22

church related

Question 23

public forum

Answer 23

places traditionally open to free speech

Question 24

time place manner

Answer 24

ways in which free speech is limited

Question 25

lemon test

Answer 25

1. secular purpose 2. neither advance nor inhibit 3. excessive entanglement

Question 26

picketing

Answer 26

the patrolling of business site workers

Question 27

majority opinion

Answer 27

agrees with majority

Question 28

concurring opinion

Answer 28

agrees with majority but for different reasons

Question 29

dissenting opinion

Answer 29

disagrees with majority

Question 30

exclusive jurisdiction

Answer 30

one court gets to hear a case

Question 31

concurrent jurisdiction

Answer 31

two courts get to hear a case

Question 32

appellate court

Answer 32

the next court up the chain

Question 33

original court

Answer 33

the first and lowest court on the chain

Question 34

name the supreme court justices

Answer 34

1. Ketanji Brown Jackson - Biden - 2022 2. Amy Coney Barrett - Trump - 2020 3. Brett Kavanaugh - Trump - 2018 4. Neal Gorsuch - Trump - 2017 5. Elena Kagan - Obama - 2010 6. Sonia Sotomayer - Obama - 2009 7. Samuel Alito - Bush the Younger - 2006 8. John Roberts - Bush the Younger - 2005 (Chief Justice) 9. Clarence Thomas - Bush the Elder - 1991

Question 35

marbury v madison 1803

Answer 35

madison signed appointment papers just before his term ended and hadnt mailed them out so we dont know if they are official yet and marbury wanted his job (marbury)

Question 36

zobel v williams

Answer 36

alaska was sending out checks with extra money and they gave you more money the longer you stayed and zobels got mad and said it violated the 14th amendment (zobel)

Question 37

texas v johnson

Answer 37

johnson burned a flag in protest and texas didnt like it and johnson said it was protected by the 1st amendment

Question 38

tinker v des moines

Answer 38

students wore black armbands to protest the vietnam war and principal didnt want a fight to break out and said if you wore those to school youd get suspended and they did and got suspended but no fights broke out so they sued for violating the first amendment (tinker)

Question 39

hazlewood v kuhlmeier

Answer 39

there was two articles in a student newspaper about teen pregnancy and divorce and the principal didnt like it so he took it out of the newspaper and they sued but the principal said it is up to him its his school (kuhlmeier)

Question 40

lemon v kurtzman

Answer 40

government paid private school teachers in rhode island (95% catholic schools) to teach certain classes and lemon got mad and

Question 41

pittsburgh v aclu

Answer 41

gov. puts christmas decor on courthouse and nearby school and aclu gets mad and sues cuz it violates lemon test

Question 42

satanic temple v arkansas

Answer 42

ten commandments monument is built and then satanic temple wants a monument (neither, they took down the ten commandments and didnt put anything up)

Question 43

engel v vitale

Answer 43

public school wants to do daily prayer and engel gets mad so he sues cuz its a public school (engel)

Question 44

lee v weisman

Answer 44

public school does prayers and invites a christian reverend for speech and other religions get mad and sue

Question 45

wisconsin v yoder

Answer 45

amish dont want their kids to go to school but you have to til 12th grade (neither, they still have to go but only until 8th grade)