Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Eduqas A-Level Film Studies > The Key Elements of Film Form: Editing > Flashcards

The Key Elements of Film Form: Editing Flashcards

1
Q

Filmmakers use a range of elements in constructing narrative meaning and generating response.
What are the five Key Elements of Film Form?

A

MSPEC

  • Mise en scene
  • Sound
  • Performance
  • Editing
  • Cinematography
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 Principal Elements of Editing?

A
  • The shot to shot relationships of continuity editing (including match editing and the 180 degree rule)
  • The role of editing in creating meaning, (including the Kuleshov effect )
  • Montage editing and stylised forms of editing (including jump cuts)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 4 Creative Uses of Editing.

A
  • How editing (editing motifs and patterned repetition) –> implies relationships between characters and contributes to narrative development
  • How editing –> generates multiple connotations and suggests a range of interpretations
  • How visual effects created in post production –> engage the spectator and create a emotional response
  • How visual effects created in post production –> tension between the filmmakers’ intention to create a particular emotional response and the actual response.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 3 ways that Editing Conveys Messages and Values.

A
  • Why different spectators –> different interpretations of the same editing
  • How editing –> used to align spectators and relates to interpretation of narrative
  • How editing –> contributes to ideologies of film
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 common things to think about when analysing how the Key Elements of Film Form (cinematography, mise-en-scene, sound, editing, performance) convey Messages and Values?

A
  • How [Camera shot / M-e-s / Editing / Sound / Performance] –> contributes to narrative development
  • How [Camera shot / M-e-s / Editing / Sound / Performance] –> generates multiple connotations and suggests a range of interpretations
  • Why different spectators –> different interpretations of the same [Camera shot / M-e-s / Editing / Sound / Performance]
  • How [Camera shot / M-e-s / Editing / Sound / Performance] –> used to align spectators and relates to interpretation of narrative
  • How [Camera shot / M-e-s / Editing / Sound / Performance] –> contributes to ideologies of film
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form

What is aesthetic?

A

The style adopted by an artist or a film movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form

What is production?

A

The period of actual shooting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form

What are auteurs?

A

Certain directors will have a strong aesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form

What is pre-production?

A

The period prior to filming, where key decisions are made, including securing funding, selecting actors and creative personnel, choosing locations, building sets, designing costumes and determining the film’s aesthetic and planning the production schedule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing

What is editing?

A
  • The process of arranging all the images in their current order so that the narrative makes sense, the dialogue flows and you can see what you need to see when you need to see it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Continuity editing

What is continuity editing and what is it designed to do?

A
  • (invisible editing) it’s designed to make the transitions between shots as seamless as possible so it doesn’t draw attention to the film’s construction, instead allowing the audience to become immersed in the narrative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Continuity editing

Describe 7 features of continuity editing

A
  • An establishing shot is usually the point of entry into a scene which typically begins with a long shot
  • Shot-reverse-shot is used between two people in a conversation filmed through over the shoulder shots
  • An eye-line match is used in conversations where two characters have been shot up close and the shot is edited to match the height of the other character
  • The 180-degree rule is used to ensure that we understand where characters are in relation to each other, and the camera should not cross over the ‘invisible line
  • The 30-degree rule is a general principle that two consecutive shots should have at least a 30-degree variance between them
  • Cross-cutting is the parallel editing of two or more events in an alternating pattern.
  • Match on action- This is when the editing will make something look continuous while the shots change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions

What are shot transitions and what 5 effects can they have?

A
  • How you move from one shot to the next
    1. Can manipulate time and space
    2. Serve the film’s aesthetic style
    3. Create mood
    4. develop narrative and character
    5. generate further meaning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions

What are the 3 most frequently used transitions in filmmaking?

A
  1. Cut- A straight edit from one image to another with nothing in between
  2. Dissolve- One image overlaps another from ‘image A’ to ‘image B’
  3. Fade- The picture emerges out of, or disappears into black or white
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions

What type of effect does a Cut shot transition enable?

A
  • It allows you to travel great distances in time and setting in an instant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions

What type of effect does a Fade enable?

A
  • To show that it’s the end of a major scene or act and it’s the fil equivalent to the end of a chapter in a book
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions

What type of effect does a Dissolve enable?

A
  • It creates a feeling of time passing or makes a connection between two characters or a character and an object or setting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions: Other shot transitions

Which 5 shot transitions can provide a more experimental approach.

A
  1. Wipe
  2. Jump-cut
  3. Match cut
  4. Freeze-frame
  5. Match dissolve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions: Other shot transitions

What is a Wipe shot transition and what type of effect does it enable?

A
  • A line travels across the screen from left to right replacing it with the second image
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions: Other shot transitions

What is a Match-cut shot transition and what type of effect does it enable?

A
  • This is when we cut from one image to something that looks similar which transports us instantly to another scene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions: Other shot transitions

What is a Match-dissolve shot transition and what type of effect does it enable?

A
  • Uses the same juxtaposition of images, but dissolves between the two
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions: Other shot transitions

What is a Jump-cut shot transition and what type of effect does it enable?

A
  • This is the result of breaking the 30-degree rule which gives the scene an edgy, uneasy feeling as though we haven’t seen anything
23
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Shot transitions: Other shot transitions

What is a Freeze-frame shot transition and what type of effect does it enable?

A
  • This is where a single frame is held on screen for a period of time, it can leave the film open for interpretation or hold an important image or character’s response in the viewer’s mind
24
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Time and Space

Complete the cloze:
_______ is used in the organisation of ____ and _____, both within individual ________ and __________ the film, in order to create _________ ________.

A
  • Editing
  • Time
  • Space
  • Sequences
  • Throughout
  • Narrative
  • Coherence
25
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Time and Space

What are the 3 ways that time and space can be used?

A
  • Linear form
  • Near chronological order
  • Discontinuity of narrative
26
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Time and Space

What is linear form with regards to time?

A
  • where the story starts and progresses forwards until its resolution
27
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Time and Space

What is near chronological order with regards to time?

A
  • When the film starts in the present day and then goes back in time to the beginning of the story and continues forwards in one long flashback until the two points meet where it can either end or continue on.
28
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Time and Space

What is discontinuity of narrative with regards to time? What are the 4 ways that it can be achieved?

A
  • It presents the story in a non-linear manner, which can be achieved in a number of ways
    1. Reversed
    2. Flashbacks
    3. Flashforwards
    4. Dreams and fantasies
29
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Time and Space: Discontinuity of Narrative

Define ‘reverse’ in terms of Discontinuity of Narrative.

A
  • When it starts at the end narrative and works backwards to the beginning
30
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Time and Space: Discontinuity of Narrative

Define ‘flashbacks’ in terms of Discontinuity of Narrative.

A
  • It inserts a scene from the narrative past in an otherwise linear narrative or as the overarching structure
31
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Time and Space: Discontinuity of Narrative

Define ‘flashforwards’ in terms of Discontinuity of Narrative.

A
  • Move the action from the present to the future
32
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Time and Space: Discontinuity of Narrative

Define ‘dreams and fantasies’ in terms of Discontinuity of Narrative.

A
  • Inserted in the narrative to offer insights into a character’s emotional status or to shed light on the past
33
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Time and Space: Discontinuity of Narrative

Describe how near chronological order editing of time is done in ‘City of God’.

A
  • Using Rocket as the central point of the flashback indicates that the narrative is being told from his perspective.
34
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing

In terms of editing, what will set the tone of what is happening on screen?

A
  • The length of each shot, scene and sequence
35
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing

In terms of the speed of editing, How long can a shot last?

A
  • It may last for a few seconds, minutes or the entire film
36
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing

In terms of the speed of editing, what is a scene?

A
  • It may consist of one-shot or a series of shots depicting a continuous event
37
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing

In terms of the speed of editing, what is a sequence?

A
  • A series of scenes of shots complete in itself. Action should match in sequence, where it continues across several consecutive shots with straight cuts so that it depicts the event in a continuous manner
38
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing

In terms of the speed of editing, how could a sense of urgency be created?

A
  • By increasing the frequency of the editing, seeing the action from various shots/angles
39
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing

In terms of the speed of editing, how could a relaxed mood be created?

A
  • Scenes can last longer with fewer shot changes
40
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing

At what part of the film is the editing most likely to be slower?

A
  • Scenes at the beginning of a film, where we are getting to know the characters and the story is unfolding
41
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing: shot length

How many shots are there in classic Hollywood films? In the average film of today? In an action film? Why has there been an increase in the number of shots in modern films?

A
  • 150 edits
  • 1,300 edits
  • Twice as many 3,000
42
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing: shot length

What is a non-linear editing system? (NLE)

A
  • Is the software, computer-based editing systems we use nowadays for editing video or audio as opposed to the old systems of either cutting film and/ audiotape and sticking the pieces together manually in the required order
43
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing

Would films edited on film generally have more or fewer edits? Longer or shorter shots. Why?

A
  • Fewer longer shots as shot length creates the pace of the film.
44
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Speed of Editing

Model for success. One of the best ways to do well on an exam question is to see an excellent answer and then try to incorporate items of excellence into your own answer.

Compare the speed of editing in ‘We need to talk about Kevin’, ‘City of God’ and ‘Shaun of the Dead’.

A
  • We see Shaun get up from the sofa and walk towards the door. It then cuts to a series of six quick-cuts (crash zooms) as he gets ready for work. This 4 inch is followed by a 10 inch shot of him adjusting his tie and talking to Pete. This is followed by another sequence of six quick-cuts of breakfast preparation. These extreme quick-cuts are used for comic effect and form part of Edgar Wright’s aesthetic.
45
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Experimental Editing Techniques: Montage editing and the Kuleshov effect

What type of editing has the Kuleshov effect evolved into? What did Kuleshov propose?

A
  • Evolved into montage editing
  • By putting or juxtaposing two images sequentially the viewer would gain a greater understanding of the filmmaker’s intent than by a single shot
46
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Experimental Editing Techniques: Montage editing and the Kuleshov effect

In “The Odessa Steps” sequence from ‘The Battleship Potemkin’ (Eisenstein, 1925) what effect does the continual barrage of images cut quickly together have?

A
  • Brings about emotions of confusion and helplessness
47
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Experimental Editing Techniques: Montage editing and the Kuleshov effect

Complete the cloze:

‘Man with a Movie Camera’ (______, 19__) has approximately ______ separate shots: a new shot every ___ ________.

A
  • Vertov, 1929
  • 1,775
  • Every few seconds
48
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Experimental Editing Techniques: Montage editing and the Kuleshov effect

Give an example of a film in the silent film genre known as ‘city symphonies’ and give a definition of the genre.

A
  • Man with a movie camera

- A city is documented and celebrated through the poetic use of images and score

49
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Experimental Editing Techniques: Montage editing and the Kuleshov effect

Complete the cloze:
Unlike _________ editing, ________ editing draws attention to the editing process by the frequent cutting between images, which can comprise of different ___ _____ and ___________. This technique has been incorporated into mainstream cinemas, and is usually used to demonstrate the ______ __ ____.

A
  • Continuity
  • Montage
  • Shot types and transitions
  • Passing of time
50
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Experimental Editing Techniques: Montage editing and the Kuleshov effect

Describe the montage sequence and the effect that it has in the opening sequence of ‘This is England’.

A
  • The film opens with a montage of news footage of significant historical, political and cultural moments from the 1980s. The juxtaposition of Roland Rat and Margaret Thatcher is humorous but also points to the extremes of the era, and perhaps even implies criticism of Margaret Thatcher
51
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Experimental Editing Techniques: Continuous Take

Complete the cloze:

The continuous take is the ________ of editing, but some filmmakers have deliberately not edited a _____, _______ or ____ __ _______ _____.

A
  • Antitheses

- Scene, sequence or even an entire film

52
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Experimental Editing Techniques: Continuous Take

Why did there used to be limits on the continuous take? What technological development changed that?

A
  • They were working on celluloid there were limits to the shot lengths
  • Digital filming
53
Q

Core Study Areas: Film Form: Editing: Experimental Editing Techniques: Continuous Take

List some early and recent films that include continuous takes.

A
  • Timecode (2000)

- Russian Ark (2002)

Eduqas A-Level Film Studies (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions