The Knee

Question 0

unhappy triad is?

Answer 0

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

Question 1

results from knee flexion w/ foot planted and lateral impact

Answer 1

MCL injury

Question 2

specialized exam for MCL injury?

Answer 2

Valgus Stress Test

Question 3

gradation for MCL injury

Answer 3

0-4
0 is = to other knee
4 = > 20 mm medial joint space

Question 4

tibial internal rotation and medial impact results in?

Answer 4

LCL sprain

Question 5

LCL sprain specialized exam

Answer 5

Varus stress test

Question 6

feeling/hearing a pop, immediate/transient pain, swelling, feeling of instability
planting/cutting, straight knee landing, one-step stop landing w/ knee hyperextended

Answer 6

ACL injury

Question 7

rapid deceleration, weight bearing, twist/pivot

Answer 7

ACL injury

Question 8

3 specialized exams for ACL injury

Answer 8

Lachman Test
Alternate Lachman Test
Anterior drawer test

Question 9

Anterior impact w/ knee flexed at 90*, possibly hyperextension & rotation

Answer 9

PCL injury

Question 10

Specialized exams for PCL injury?

Answer 10

Posterior drawer test

Posterior sag sign

Question 11

due to excessive rotational force (femur on tibia)

Answer 11

meniscal injuries

Question 12

joint line pain, inability to fully extend knee (described as “locking”), walking up & down stairs, difficult & painful squatting

Answer 12

meniscal injuries

Question 13

which meniscus is more susceptible to injuries

Answer 13

medial meniscus

greater forces medially, less mobile structure than lateral meniscus

Question 14

specialized exam for meniscal injury

Answer 14

McMurray test

Question 15

McMurray results and the indications

Answer 15

medially rotate tibia: pain due to loose fragment of lateral meniscus
laterally rotate tibia: pain due to loose fragment of medial meniscus

Question 16

anterior pain under the patella, pain worse going up & down stairs. Symptoms at a peak after sitting for a long time

Answer 16

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Question 17

irritation of cartilage underneath the patella due to the imbalance of quadriceps strength or recurrent patellar subluxation

Answer 17

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Question 18

associated w/ running, jumping, cutting, quadriceps m. use, repetitive stress disease

Answer 18

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Question 19

inflammation & irritation of patellar tendon insertion on tibial tubercle
focal tenderness to tibial tubercle, enlargement of bony protrusion
symptoms may wax and wane

Answer 19

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Question 20

Patellofemoral pain syndrome treatment

Answer 20

strengthen quads, NSAIDs, stretching

Question 21

complication of Osgood-Schlatter disease

Answer 21

painful nonunion will develop if intervening gap fills with fibrous tissue

Question 22

Osgood-Schlatter tx (4)

Answer 22

Activity avoidance
Quad/hamstring stretches
NSAIDs, ice
Chopat strap if they can’t avoid the activity

Question 23

patellar tendon inflammation from repetitive trauma

Answer 23

Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper’s Knee)

Question 24

patellar tendonitis tx

Answer 24

Ice, NSAIDs, bracing/strapping, rest Activity modification PT steroid injection not recommended

Question 25

what structures are usually involved in a knee fracture

Answer 25

distal femur, proximal tibia, patella

Question 26

sudden eccentric contraction of the quadriceps, usually with the foot planted & the knee flexed as the person falls

Answer 26

patellar tendon rupture

Question 27

foot planted, knee flexed as the person falls popping/tearing sound/sensation, immediate swelling, difficulty rising and bearing weight. Can't extend knee or maintain terminal extension Patella alta

Answer 27

Patellar tendon rupture

Question 28

Patellar tendon rupture tx

Answer 28

Immediate surgical repair

Question 29

acute knee pain, swelling, functional loss following a stumble/fall. Suprapatellar swelling, ecchymosis & tenderness are present, w/ low-lying patella

Answer 29

Quadriceps tendon rupture

Question 30

rapid, eccentric contraction of the quadriceps muscle, w/ the foot planted and the knee partially flexed, commonly occurs during falls poor extension, buckling of the knee, difficulty w/ stairs, absent patellar reflex

Answer 30

quadriceps tendon rupture

Question 31

poor extension, buckling of the knee, difficulty with stairs, absent patellar reflex

Answer 31

quadriceps tendon rupture

Question 32

quadriceps tendon rupture tx

Answer 32

surgery

Question 33

types of knee bursitis (4)

Answer 33

prepatellar, suprapatellar, infrapatellar, pes anserine

Question 34

bursitis tx (3)

Answer 34

Avoid triggers/overuse NSAIDs Steroid injections

Question 35

Anterior knee pain causes (5)

Answer 35

``` quadriceps/patellar tendons patellofemoral pain syndrome bursitis patellar fx/dislocation Osgood-Schlatter Disease ```

Question 36

Medial knee pain causes (3)

Answer 36

MCL medial meniscus pes anserine bursitis

Question 37

Lateral knee pain causes (3)

Answer 37

LCL IT band syndrome lateral meniscus

Question 38

Posterior knee pain causes (2)

Answer 38

Baker's cyst | DVT