The Knee

Question 0

In close chain extension, what happens during the last 10* of extension?

Answer 0

Femur internal rotation

Question 1

In open-chain knee extension, what happens during the last 10* of extension?

Answer 1

Tibia external rotation

Question 2

ACL attached?

Answer 2

Medial side of the lateral femoral condyle to anterior intercondylar area of tibial plateau.

Question 3

PCL attached?

Answer 3

Lateral side of medial femoral condyle to posterior intercondylar area of tibia.

Question 4

ACL mechanism of injury?

Answer 4

Hyperextension or valgus with foot planted combined with internal rotation.

Question 5

PCL mechanism of injury?

Answer 5

Hyperflexion, pre-tibial trauma hyperextension or large varus or valgus force with axial rotation.

Question 6

ACL bundles?

Answer 6

Posterior-lateral

Anterior-medial

Question 7

PCL bundles?

Answer 7

Anterior-lateral

Posterior-medial

Question 8

MCL resists?

Answer 8

Valgus

Question 9

LCL resists?

Answer 9

Varus

Question 10

MCL attaches?

Answer 10

Anterior fibers - posterior to pes anserine

Posterior fibers - posterior-medial capsule, medial meniscus, semimembranosis

Question 11

LCL attaches?

Answer 11

Distally to fibula head with biceps femoris

Question 12

Primary function collateral ligaments?

Answer 12

Limit frontal plane motion

Question 13

Secondary functions of collateral ligaments?

Answer 13

Limit knee extension (shared with posterior capsule OPL, knee flexors, ACL)
Limit IR/ER in flexion

Question 14

As knee extends, patella moves?

Answer 14

Up

Question 15

As knee flexes, patella moves?

Answer 15

Down

Question 16

Patella baha

Answer 16

Shortened patella tendon, patella pulled down

Question 17

Patella alta

Answer 17

Quad short, patella pulled up

Question 18

135* flexion

Answer 18

Superior pole patella contacts femur

Lateral edge lateral and odd facet share articular contact with femur

Question 19

25* flexion

Answer 19

Inferior pole patella contacts femur

Question 20

Knee extensors

Answer 20

Quads
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

Question 21

Knee flexors

Answer 21

Hamstrings (also hip flexors)
Semimembranosis
Semitendinosis
Biceps femoris

Question 22

Knee internal rotators (open chain)?

Answer 22

Popliteus
Semimembranosis
Semitendinosis

Question 23

Knee external rotator (open chain)?

Answer 23

Biceps femoris

Question 24

Open chain tibia internal rotation effect of menisci?

Answer 24

Anterior medial meniscus and posterior lateral meniscus compressed

Question 25

Open chain tibia external rotation effect of menisci?

Answer 25

Anterior lateral meniscus and posterior medial meniscus compressed

Question 26

Knee forms angle which way?

Answer 26

To lateral side

Question 27

Normal genu valgum?

Answer 27

170-175* | By age 3/4

Question 28

Excessive genu valgum?

Answer 28

<165* Knock knee Lateral compression, medial tension

Question 29

Genu varum?

Answer 29

>180* Bowleg Medial compression, lateral tension

Question 30

Open chain knee flexion?

Answer 30

Tibia rolls and slides posterior

Question 31

Open chain knee extension?

Answer 31

Tibia rolls and slides anterior | Menisci pulled anterior by contracting quads

Question 32

Closed chain knee flexion?

Answer 32

Femoral condyles roll posterior, sliced anterior

Question 33

Closed chain knee extension?

Answer 33

Femoral condyles roll anterior, slide posterior | Quads direct roll of femoral condyle

Question 34

Primary function of menisci?

Answer 34

Reduce compressive stress at TFJ

Question 35

Secondary functions of menisci?

Answer 35

``` Stabilize joint during movement Lubricating articular cartilage Reduction of friction Guides knee arthrokinematics Increase bony fit in TFJ ```

Question 36

Medial meniscus

Answer 36

C-shaped external border attaches to MCL | Attaches to semimembranosis

Question 37

Lateral meniscus

Answer 37

Circular shape external border attaches to lateral capsule. Attaches to femur via posterior meniscofemoral ligaments. Attaches to popliteus.

Question 38

Popliteus tendon passes?

Answer 38

Between LCL and lateral meniscus

Question 39

Connects menisci anteriorly?

Answer 39

Transverse ligament

Question 40

Menisci anchored to intercondylar region of tibia by?

Answer 40

Anterior and posterior horns

Question 41

Coronary (meniscotibial) ligament?

Answer 41

Attaches external edge of menisci to tibia and capsule. | Allows pivoting laterally.

Question 42

PCL taut?

Answer 42

Extremes of flexion

Question 43

ACL taut?

Answer 43

As knee approaches extension

Question 44

Cruciate ligaments can limit extremes of?

Answer 44

All motion

Question 45

ACL prevents?

Answer 45

Anterior translation of tibia in open chain. | Posterior translation of femur in closed chain.

Question 46

PCL prevents?

Answer 46

Posterior translation of tibia in open chain. | Anterior translation of femur in closed chain.