The Knee Flashcards
(30 cards)
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Modified Hinge - Flexion/Extension but allows some rotation
What are the three joint articulations in the knee?
- Medial Tibiofemoral
- Lateral Tibiofemoral
- Patellofemoral
What are the tibiofemoral joints?
Dual condyloid articulations between medial and lateral condyles of the tibia and the femur
What is the Patellofemoral joint?
Articulation between patella encased in patellar tendon and the trochlear groove between the femoral condyles
What structures provide stability to the knee?
- Menisci
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament
- Posterior Cruciate ligament
- Lateral Collateral Ligament
- Medial Collateral Ligament
What are the menisci?
- Fibrocartilage semilunar discs. Acts like labrum. Deepens concavity of the tibial plateaus
Where does the medial meniscus attach?
MCL
What is the term used to describe medial motion of the tibia relative to the femur?
Varus
What is the term used to describe lateral motion of the tibia relative to the femur?
Valgus
What do the cruciate ligaments do?
Limit anterior/posterior sliding of the femur on the tibial plateau during flexion and extension
What are the attachments of the ACL?
Connects the anterior aspect of the intercondyloid fossa to the posterior medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
What are the attachments of the PCL?
Connects posterior aspect of intercondyloid fossa of tibia to anterior medial condyle of femur
What does the LCL do?
Connects lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula. Resists varus motion
What does the MCL do?
Connect medial epicondyle of femur to medial tibia and resists valgus motion. Joins with medial meniscus
What is another name for the Lateral Collateral Ligament?
Fibular Collateral Ligament
What is another name for the Medial Collateral Ligament?
Tibial Collateral Ligament
What function does the iliotibial band have in stabilising the knee?
Stabilises knee in extension and partial flexion
What does the ITB connect to?
Connects Tensor fascia lata to lateral condyle of femur and lateral tuberosity of tibia
What are the bursae inside the knee joint capsule?
- Suprapatellar Bursa
- Subopopliteal Bursa
- Semimembranosus Bursa
- Superficial infrapatellar bursa
- Deep infrapatellar bursa
- Prepatella Bursa
What are the four quadricep muscles?
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Medialis
- Rectus femoris
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Vastus Lateralis?
- O: Intertrochanteric line; inferior border of greater trochanter; upper 1/2 of linea aspera
- I: Lateral border of patella and patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity
- A:Knee Extension
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Vastus Intermedialis?
- O: Upper 2/3 of anterior surface of femur
- I: Upper border patella and patellar tendon to tibial tubersotiy
- A: Extend Knee
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Vastus Medialis?
- O: Intertrochanteric line; whole length of linea aspera
- I: Medial border of patella and patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity
- A: extend knee
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Rectus Femoris?
- O: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
- I: Superior aspect of patella and patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity
- A: Extend knee and flex hip
