The Knee Flashcards
(34 cards)
Where is the prepatellar bursa located
between the apex of the patella and the skin
Describe how you would find the popliteal pulse
Found on deep palpation of the popliteal fossa, when knee is slightly flexed (prone)
what is the nerve supply of the inferior tibfib
deep peroneal and tibial nerves (L4-S2)
Describe the origin and insertion of the MCL
- Medial epicondyle of the femur (origin) TO
- Downwards and slightly forwards (PREVENTS VERUS)
- Superficial fibre- attaches below tib tub
- Middle fibre- attach to the medial tibial condyle
- Deep fibre- attach triangularly to the medial meniscus
Which muscles cause medial rotation
- semimembranosus
- semitendonosis
- gracilis
- sartorius
- popliteus
what are the ligaments of the inferior tibfib
- strong interosseous ligament
- anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments
Describe how you would find the tibial plateau
superior surface of the tibia
the anterior surface can be palpated with the knee in flexion
Describe how you would find the lateral collateral ligament
cord like
from the lateral epicondyle to the lateral surface of the head of fibula
Describe how you would find the Medial collateral ligament
Strong flat band from the medial epicondyle to the medial condyle of the tibia and shaft
Work way round from tibia plateau feels soft, then hard then soft
Describe how you would find the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia
2cm higher than the tibial tuberosity
Describe how you would find the joint line of the knee
Bisects the ligatmentum Patellae horizontally halfway between the tip of patella and tibial tuberosity
Describe how you would find the head of fibula
lies posterolateral to the tibia, just below the mid point on the lateral side
Describe how you would find the trochlear groove
the groove the patella sits in
In knee flexion or extension (relaxed quads) push patella to the side and feel for the femur underneath
Describe how you would find the tibial tuberosity
upper end of the anterior border of the tibia
ligamentum patellae attaches to its upper portion
Describe the origin and insertion of the ACL
Anterolateral tibial spine (origin) TO
Posterior, Lateral and Proximal (passing the lateral side of the PCL) to the posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle (insert)
STOPS anterior translation in relation to the femur
What are the 4 parts of the popliteal fossa triangle
Describe how you would find the adductor tubecule
above the medial epicondyle is a small promience of bone, where the tendinour adductor magnus attaches
Purpose of the meniscus in the knee
semilunar cartilages to make the joint more congruent and for shock absorbance
Describe the origin and insertion of the PCL
Depression in the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia (origin) TO
Anterior, medial and proximal (passing the medial side of the ACL) to the anterior side of the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle (insert)
STOPS posterior translation in relation to the femur
Describe how you would find the Gerdy’s tubercule
midway between the head of fibula and tibial tuberosity
Describe how you would find the patella, and describe its function
Sesamoid bone: triangular in shape, tip facing inferiorly
should be able to palpate the whole circumference, especially the medial border and anterior surface
Thought to increase power of the quads by increasing leverage & protects the end of the femur i.e. in kneeling
Where is the infrapatella bursa located
deep- between patella tendon and tibia
superficial- between the patella tendon and skin
What are the bones/ articulations of the knee joint
Patella, femoral condyles and tibial plateau.
Tibiofemoral and Femoropatellar
Describe how you would find the lateral and medial epicondyles of the femur
medial- pass down the inferior end of the femur medially to find the bony prominence
lateral- pass down the inferior end of the femur laterally to find the bony prominence
*epicondyles are in the centre of the condyles which are the bony prominences here
