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Functional Anatomy > The knee Joint > Flashcards

The knee Joint Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial bicondylar hinge joint

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2
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?

A

Femur, Tibia and Patella.
Condyles of femur with condyles of tibia
Posterior surface of patella with patellar surface of femoral condyles

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3
Q

Describe the capsule of the knee joint?

A

Thick ligamentous sheath mainly composed of tendinous expansions
Attached to articular margins of femoral condyle (except anterosuperiorly) and medial and lateral margins of tibial condyles.

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4
Q

What ligaments are involved in the knee joint?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament,

Ligamentous patellae, Medial/ Lateral collateral ligaments, anterior/posterior cruciate ligament

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5
Q

What are the intra-articular surfaces of the knee joint?

A

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments,
Medial and lateral meniscus,
Transverse ligament,
Coronary Ligaments

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6
Q

How is stability provided in the knee joint?

A

Provided by collateral and cruciate ligaments. Most stable in full extension; muscles crossing the joint

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7
Q

What are the movements of the knee joint?

A

Flexion and extension

Medial and lateral rotation

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8
Q

Is the medial tibial condyle concave or concavoconvex?

A

Concave

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9
Q

Is the lateral tibial condyle concave or concavoconvex?

A

Concavoconvex

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10
Q

What does the intercondylar eminence act as?

A

Pivot

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11
Q

What are the functions of the menisci?

A

Increase congruency between the femur and the tibia,
Weight bearing,
Load sharing,
Shock absorption,
Cope with compressive pressure rather than tensile

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12
Q

Describe the medial menisci?

A

C-shaped, broad posteriorly, attached to tibial collateral ligament, joint capsule attachment

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13
Q

Describe the lateral menisci?

A

Circular, freely movable, attachment sire for popliteus

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14
Q

What is the order of structures anterior to posterior in the knee joint?

A 
Anterior horn of medial meniscus,
ACL,
Anterior horn of lateral meniscus,
Posterior horn of lateral meniscus, 
Posterior horn of medial mensicus,
PCL
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15
Q

What rolls before the lateral condyle?

A

Medial condyle

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16
Q

Where is the greatest contact area of the knee joint between?

A

The femur and tibia at full extension

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17
Q

What does the joint capsule fuse with anteriorly?

A

Quadriceps tendon, patella and ligamentum patellae

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18
Q

What does the joint capsule enclose posteriorly?

A

Intercondylar fossa of femur, open posterior to lateral condyle for popliteus muscle

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19
Q

What are the bursar of the knee joint?

A

Suprapatellar, Subcutaneous prepatellar, Subcutaneous infrapatellar and deep infrapatellar

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20
Q

What are the two collateral ligaments called?

A

Medial and Lateral

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21
Q

Describe the medial collateral ligament?

A

Tibial, strong and flat bands thickening of capsule, medial femoral epicondyle to medial condyle of tibia.

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22
Q

What does the deep fibres of the medial collateral ligament go to?

A

Medial meniscus

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23
Q

Describe the lateral collateral ligament?

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A

Fibular, strong and cord like, separate from popliteus tendon and meniscus, lateral femoral epicondyle to lateral head of fibula, passes deep biceps femoris attachment site.

24
Q

What ligaments are taut in every position?

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A

Intracapsular ligaments

25
What does the intracapsular ligaments maintain contact between?
The tibia and femur
26
What is the limit of degrees for the winding of the intracapsular ligaments?
10 degrees
27
Where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach to?
Anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral femur condyle
28
What degrees does the anterior cruciate ligament spiral between the tibia and femur?
110 degrees
29
What does the anteromedial band in the anterior cruciate ligament limit?
Flexion
30
What does the posterolateral band in the anterior cruciate ligament limit?
Extension
31
What does the anterior cruciate ligament limit?
Anterior displacement of tibia
32
Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach to?
Posterior intercondylar area of tibia to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur
33
What does the anterolateral band in the posterior cruciate ligament limit?
Flexion
34
What does the posteromedial band in the posterior cruciate ligament limit?
Extension
35
What does the posterior cruciate ligament limit?
Posterior displacement of tibia
36
Describe the oblique popliteal ligament?
Semimembranosus tendon expansion, | Reinforces posterior joint capsule
37
Describe the arcuate ligament?
Thickening of joint capsule over popliteus, | Strengthes posterolateral joint capsule
38
What muscles causes flexion at the knee joint?
Sartorius, Semimembranosus, Semitendiosus and Gracilis
39
What muscles causes extension of the knee joint?
Quadriceps femoris
40
What muscles causes medial rotation of the knee joint?
Sartorius, Gracilis, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus and Popliteus
41
What muscles causes lateral rotation of the knee joint?
Biceps femoris
42
What degrees does medial rotation allow?
30 degrees
43
What degrees does lateral rotation allow?
45 degrees
44
What muscles prevent dislocation of the knee?
Vastus medialis
45
Where does the patella move to during flexion?
Intercondylar groove of the femur
46
As flexion of the knee occurs, what increases?
Patellar contact
47
What muscles acts as a medial rotator to unlock the knee joint?
Popliteus
48
How does unlocking of the knee work?
Laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia
49
Functions of the patella?
Wider distribution of compressive stress on the femur, Increase the moment arm of the quadriceps muscles, Bone prevents friction between tendon and underlying femur and tibia
50
What has the patella got a thickening of?
Articular cartilage
51
How do you unlock the knee joint?
Femur rotates laterally on the tibia
52
When the knee is in full extension what movements can occur?
Flexion and extension
53
When the tibia is in flexion, what movements can occur?
Medial and lateral rotation
54
What is the role of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?
To prevent anterior and posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
55
Role of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments?
To stabilise the knee joint in full extension
56
What is the menisci primary function?
Stabilise the knee joint

Functional Anatomy (13 decks)

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