The Layers of the Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 5 layers of the anatomy?

Answer 1

1. Skin
2. Subcutaneous tissue
3. Subcutaneous Musculoaponeurotic System
4. Retaining ligaments
5. Periosteum

Question 2

Describe the Epidermis:

Answer 2

• Outermost layer
• Protective barrier
• Consists of keratinocytes

Question 3

How are keratinocytes produced and where?

Answer 3

• By the mitosis of stem cells in the stratum basale and in the deepest layer of the stratum spinosum

Question 4

How long does the process of new skin development to flaking off take?

Answer 4

30-40 days

Question 5

What are the 5 identified layers of the epidermis?

Answer 5

1. Stratum Corneum
2. Stratum Lucidum
3. Stratum Granulosum
4. Stratum Spinosum
5. Stratum Basale

Question 6

Stratum Corneum

Answer 6

• Top layer of dermis
• Dead, scaly, keratinized cells (durable layer)
• Resistent

Question 7

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 7

• Thin layer (only in thick skin)
• Keratinocytes do nothave nuclei or other organelles

Question 8

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 8

• Keratinocytes have coarse granules

Question 9

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 9

• Deepest cells are capable of mitosis
• Cells pushed upward are flat and can not
• Contains Langerhan cells

Question 10

Stratum Basale

Answer 10

• Single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes
• Cells divide and push formed cells into higher layers

Question 11

What is the second layer of the skin caller?

Answer 11

Dermis

Question 12

What 3 substances makes up the dermis?

Answer 12

1. Collagen
2. Elastin fibers
3. Hyaluronic acid

Question 13

What does collagen provide?

Answer 13

• Tensile strength to the dermis
• Forms a framework
• Allows new cells to grow

Question 14

What is the % of collagen and elastic fibers in healthy skin?

Answer 14

80% collagen

4% elastic fiber mesh network

Question 15

What is Hyaluronic acid?

Answer 15

Polysaccharide

Question 16

What does hyaluronic acid do?

Answer 16

Attracts water

Question 17

Why is water an essential part of a person’s dermis?

Answer 17

It keeps the skin plump and moisturized

Question 18

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Answer 18

1. Papillary
2. Reticular layers

Question 19

Describe the papillary layer?

Answer 19

• Upper layer
• Thin arrangement of collagen fibers
• 1/5th of the dermis

Question 20

Describe the reticular layer

Answer 20

• Lower layer
• Thicker
• Made of thick collagen fibers that are arranged parallel to the surface

Question 21

Where are dermal fillers normally injected?

Answer 21

Lower 4ths of the dermis

Question 22

What are 6 specialized cells and structures are contained in the dermis?

Answer 22

• Hair follicles with the erector pili
• Sebaceous glands
• Apocrine glands
• Eccrine glands
• Blood vessels
• Nerves

Question 23

What are the nerves in the dermis responsible for?

Answer 23

Transmitting sensations of pain, itch, and temperature

Question 24

Describe the subcutaneous tissue

Answer 24

• Layer of fat and connective tissue
• Houses larger blood vessels and nerves
• Attaches to dermis by the collagenous and elasticfibers

Question 25

What is this layer important for?

Answer 25

Temperature regulation

Question 26

What isSMAS?

Answer 26

Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (SMAS)

Question 27

What does SMAS contain?

Answer 27

* Intrinsic muscles od the cheek that have extensive attachment to the soft tissues when they move

Question 28

What happens when the SMAS approaches a mimetic muscle? (orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris or zygomatic muscle)

Answer 28

* Splits into a superficial and deep layer to surround the muscle * Transverses the face until it reaches anouth mimetic muscle

Question 29

In the neck, what is the SMAS known as?

Answer 29

Platysmal fascia

Question 30

In the cephalad, what is the SMAS known as?

Answer 30

Superficial temporal fascia

Question 31

When the SMAScrosses thetemporal fusion line and enters the forehead, what is it known as?

Answer 31

Galea aponeurotica

Question 32

What are retaining ligaments?

Answer 32

* Strong and deep fibrous attachments thatoriginate from the periosteum ordeep facial fascia * Travel perpendicularilythrough facial layers to insert on to the dermis

Question 33

What do retaining ligaments act as when they retain and stabilize the skin and the superficial fascia (SMAS) to the underlying deep fascia and facial skeleton?

Answer 33

Anchor points

Question 34

What is the periosteum?

Answer 34

A membrane that covers the outer surface of the bones

Question 35

What is inside the cellular layer of the periosteum?

Answer 35

Osteogenic layer that attaches the periosteum to the bone (perforating fibers)