The Lesson Of Arabic Book

Question 1

What is a جبر ?

Answer 1

It is the attibute/ noun that belongs to the subject.
EG. Mahmood is knowledgeable
Knowledgeable = predicate

Question 2

What does مبتدأ mean?

Answer 2

The subject of the sentence.

Question 3

What does معرفة mean?

Answer 3

A definite noun

Question 4

What does نقرة mean?

The Ka should be kaaf

Answer 4

A common noun

Question 5

If a common noun is the subject of a sentence, what needs to happen?

Answer 5

Add ال to the start (make it definite)

And therefore change any final tanween to a single harakat.

Question 6

What are the three steps to translating a simple, subject-led sentence into Arabic?
EG. The man is knowledgeable

Answer 6

1. Take out the ‘is’
   The man knowledgeable
2. Translate the words into Arabic
   الرجل عالم
3. End both words with tanween dammah, unless the subject has ال, then end the subject with one dammah

Question 7

How does the مبتدأ being feminine change the خبر?

Answer 7

The خبر must be made feminine, by adding ة

Question 8

What does مضاف mean?

Answer 8

The object attributed to the person
EG. Becca’s pen
pen = مضاف

Question 9

What does مضاف إليه mean?

Answer 9

The person/ thing the object (مضاف ) is attributed to.
EG. Becca’s pen
Becca = مضاف إليه

Question 10

What are the five steps to translate a sentence of mudaff+ mudaff ilayhi?

EG. Ring of gold or khalid’s book

Answer 10

1. Take out the ‘s or ‘of’
2. Reverse the sequence so the object being possesed in first
3. Replace English with the Arabic
4. Give the مضاف a single dammah
5. Give the مضاف ليه tanween zasrah

Question 11

If the مضاف إليه is definite (starts أل) how does the harakat change?

Answer 11

The tanween kasrah is made a single kasrah.

Question 12

How do you know if an adjective refers to the mudaaf or the mudaaf ilayhi?

Answer 12

The adjective will match the harakat and the definite/ indefinite nature of the word it refers to.

Question 13

What is the فعل معروف?

Answer 13

The active voice (in the past tense)

Question 14

What is صيغة?

Answer 14

Verb form
EG. Being singular/ plural/ fem./ masc. etc

Question 15

Translate each
صيغة:
Number
singular
dual
plural
Gender
masculine
feminine
Person
First person
Second person
Third person

Answer 15

واحد
تثنية
جمع
مذقر
حاضر
غائب
مذقر
مؤنث

So the verb of dual feminine of second person is called تثنية مؤنث حاضر

The ka should be kaaf in any of these words

No gender for singular first person or plural first person

Question 16

What is the difference between the active voice and passive voice in English?

Answer 16

Active voice doesn’t have were/was, the subject did and was not done upon: was active not passive.
He kicked the ball = active
The ball was kicked = passive

Question 17

What is the فعل مجهول ?

Answer 17

The passive voice (in the past tense)

Question 18

Recall the past tense verb forms in acive voice (الفعل الماضى المعروف) for the verb فعل (he did)

Answer 18

أنا فعل fa al to
نحن فعلن fa al na
أنت فعلت fa al ta (s.m.2nd)
أنتم فعلتم fa al tom (p.m.2nd)
أنت فعلت fa al te (s.f.2nd)
أنتن فعلتن fa al tonna (p.f.2nd)
أأنتما فعلتما fa al tomaa (d. m/f. 2nd)
هو فعل fa al la (s.m.3rd)
هما فعلا fa al laa (d.m.3rd)
هم فعلوا fa al laa (p.m.3rd)
هي فعلت fa al let (s.f.3rd)
هما فعلتا fa al la taa (d.f.3rd)
هن فعلن fa al naa (p.f.3rd)

Question 19

How do you change a past, active voice to a past, passive voice?

Answer 19

Put a dammah on the first letter and a kasrah on the second letter, and conjugate to subject.

Question 20

Recall all conjugations for did
(… was done) in passive, past voice.

Answer 20

فعلت I was done fo eel to
فعلنا We were done fo eel naa
فعلت You were done (s.m) fo eel taa
فعلتم You were done (p.m) fo eel toom
فعلت You were done (s.f) fo eel tee
فعلتن You were done (p.f) fo eel tonna
فعلتما You were done (dual) fo eel tomma
فعل He was done fo eel la
فعلا They were done (d.m) fo eel laa
فعلوا They were done (p.m) fo eel loo
فعلت She was done fo eel let
فعلتا They were done (d.f) fo eel la taa
فعلن They were done (p.f) fo eel na

He and she could mean ‘it’ when referring to a masculine or feminine object respectively

Question 21

Define
فعل
فاعل
مفعول

Answer 21

Verb

Subject

Object

Question 22

What is the usual rule relating to the subject in a simple sentence and the object?

Answer 22

The subject will get a dammah (or two if indefinite) while the object will end in fatha (or two if indefinite).

Question 23

Sentences in English go Subject Verb Object.
Sentences in Latin go Subject Object Verb
Sentences in Arabic go…?

Answer 23

Verb Subject Object

Question 24

Identify the , and in this sentence: فتح خادم بابا

The servant opened a door

Answer 24

فتح is the verb (فعل)
خادم is the subject (فاعل)
بابا is the object (مفعول)

Question 25

Identify the verb, subject and object in this sentence: فتح خادم محمود باب البيت ## Footnote Mahmood's servant opened the door of the house.

Answer 25

فتح is the verb خادم محمود is the subject باب البيت is the object ## Footnote Mudaaf and mudaaf ilayhi can combine to form a subject or and object.

Question 26

Define these prepositions: في من على عن ب إلى ل حتى و

Answer 26

في is 'in' من is 'from' على is 'on' عن is 'about/ from/ regarding' ب is 'with' إلى is 'to/ up to' ل is 'for/ belongs to' حتى is 'up to/ until' و is 'by' (for an oath)

Question 27

What is the harakat for a word coming after a preposition?

Answer 27

a kasrah on the final letter

Question 28

Define these less frequent prepositions: ت منذ مذ رب خلا حاشا عدا

Answer 28

ت by (for oaths) منذ مذ since (for a time period) رب many a/ so many خلا besides/ except حاشا besides/ except عدا besides/ except

Question 29

What does ضمير منفصل mean?

Answer 29

Unattatched pronouns

Question 30

Define the uses of these unattatched pronouns: هو هما هم هي هن أنت أنتما أنتم أنت أنتن أن نحن

Answer 30

هو he هما they (d.m) or (d.f.) هم they (p.m.) هي she هن they (p.f) أنت you (s.m.) أنتما you (d.m) or (d.f.) أنتم you (p.m.) أنت you (s.f.) أنتن you (p.f.) أن I نحن we

Question 31

هDefine the uses of these attatched pronouns: ه هما هم ها ka komaa kom ke konaa هن ي ني نا

Answer 31

his him ه هما their them (d.m.) or (d.f.) their them (p.m.) هم hers, her ها their them (p.f.) هن ka yours (s.m) komaa yours (d) kom yours (m.p) ke yours (f.s.) konaa yours (p.f.) ي ني my (m and f) نا ours

Question 32

What does فعل مضارع mean?

Answer 32

The present/future tense

Question 33

Conjugate the verb فعل in the present/future tense in the active voice.

Answer 33

He is doing/ will doing يفعل They (d) are doing/ will do يفعلان They (p.m.) are doing/ will do يفعلون She is doing/ will do تفعل They (d) are doing/ will do تفعلان They (p.f.) are doing/ will do يفعلن You (s.m.) are doing/ will do فعل You (d) are doing/ will do تفعلان You (p.m.) are doing/ will do تفعلون You (s.f.) are doing/ will do تفعلين You (d) are doing/ will do تفعلان You (p.f) are doing/ will do تفعلن I am doing/ will do أفعل We are doing/ will do فعل ## Footnote He and she can also be it

Question 34

Define فعل مضارع مجهول

Answer 34

The present/future tense in passive voice

Question 35

Give the verb forms ofفعل in the فعل مضارع مجهول

Answer 35

He/it is being done or will be done يفعل يفعلان They are being done/ will be done (D) They are being done/ will be done (P.)يفعلون She/it is being done/ will be done تفعل They are being done/ will be done (D)تفعلان يفعلن They are being done/ will be done (P.F) You are being done/will be done (S.M) تفعل You are being done/will be done (D.Mتفعلان You are being done/will be done (P.M)تفعلون You are being done/will be done (S.F) تفعلين You are being done/will be done (D.F) تفعلان You are being done/will be done (P.F) تفعلن I am being done/will be done أفعل We are being done/will be done نفعل

Question 36

What is unique about the passive voice?

Answer 36

When a passive verb is used, the subject is not mentioned. Rather, the object takes the place of the subject and is called the subject of the passive verb (نائب فاعل) or the substitute subject (قائم مقام فاعل) Since it takes the place of the subject, it also gets a dammah.

Question 37

What are the four additional rules for صفة and موصوف

Answer 37

1) They both must have the same harakat 2) Both should be difinite or indefinite 3) Gender should be the same (put taa on end) 4) If the موصوف is a proper noun, it should not have ال but the صفة will have ال

Question 38

What are the rules for translating an adjectival phrase like 'pious man'.

Answer 38

1) Translate the individual words into Arabic 2) Reverse the order of the words so that the first word comes second and the second word comes first 3) Give both words one or two dammah(s) ## Footnote رجل صالح

Question 39

صفة What does this mean?

Answer 39

Adjective

Question 40

Ladies and gentlemen, what are the three noun states?

Answer 40

رفع: This is the state when a noun has one or two dammahs at the end. Such a noun is called مرفوع نصب: This is the state when a noun has one or two fathah(s) at the end. Such a noun is called منصوب جر: This is the state when a noun has one or two kasrak(s) at the end. Such a noun is called مجرور

Question 41

What does الأمر و النهي mean?

Answer 41

الأمر Imperative (positive command) النهي Prohibitive (negative command)

Question 42

What is a verb containing a command to do something called?

Answer 42

An imperative أمر

Question 43

What is نهي.

Answer 43

A verb which contains a command not to do something.