The Life Cycle

Question 1

Time span of premature birth

Answer 1

<37 wks

Question 2

Time span of very premature birth

Answer 2

<32 wks

Question 3

What is the APGAR score? Use?

Answer 3

Appearance (color), Pulse, Grimace (reflex irritability), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration; Used to predict likelihood of immediate survival

Question 4

Why is the number of premature births so high in the US?

Answer 4

No free prenatal care, delayed childbearing, increased maternal age

Question 5

What are “baby blues”? Serious complications?

Answer 5

exaggerated emotionality and tearfulness lasting a few days after birth; Major depression and postpartum psychosis

Question 6

What are the spheres of development?

Answer 6

Motor, social, verbal/cognitive

Question 7

Describe general developments from infancy to 18 months

Answer 7

Attachment, Social smile (@ 12 wks), Stranger Anxiety (@ 9 months), Object permanence comes before separation anxiety, which is in late first year

Question 8

What is the importance of attachment?

Answer 8

Psychoimmunology - attachment can help to bolster immune system

Question 9

What are 4 reflexes found in an infant?

Answer 9

Rooting - touch cheek, and infant turns towards you
Palmar Grasp Reflex - Grip object in palm
Moro Reflex - Limbs extend when child is startled
Babinski Reflex - Dorsiflexion of toes when sole of foot is stroked

Question 10

When does the Babinski reflex disappear?

Answer 10

After 1 year

Question 11

Describe developments of toddler (18 months to 3 years)

Answer 11

Rapprochement (moves away but then comes back), “No!”, Parallel play (Next to, not reciprocal), @ 3 years can spend few hours away from mother, gender identity

Question 12

Describe developments of child 3 to 6 yo

Answer 12

Bowel and Bladder control, sibling rivalry, regression, Dramatic vocab increase, Active imagination (knows imaginary friends are not real), Cooperative play (@ 4 yo), Fear of injury, Body curiosity

Question 13

Describe regression

Answer 13

Stops and starts to development (normal)

Question 14

At age 4, what percentage of vocab should we understand from a child?

Answer 14

100%

Question 15

Describe milestones at 6 yo

Answer 15

Superego, morality, empathy, lying is wrong, finality of death

Question 16

Describe characteristics of early school age

Answer 16

7-11 yo, psychosexual issues dormant, strive for competence, when learning problems are identified

Question 17

At what age is universality of death recognized?

Answer 17

Age 9

Question 18

Age range of adolescence

Answer 18

11 - 20 yo

Question 19

Characteristics of adolescence

Answer 19

Independence/autonomy, myelination, pruning of nearly 50% of synaptic connections

Question 20

Characteristics of middle adolescence

Answer 20

Body image/popularity, risk-taking, less likely to comply with medical advice

Question 21

Characteristics of late adolescence

Answer 21

Identity Crisis, Role confusion, Some but not all develop abstraction

Question 22

General characteristics of teenage sexuality

Answer 22

Daily masturbation, homosexual experience, sexual intercourse,

Question 23

What are three factors that predispose a teenager to pregnancy?

Answer 23

Depression, poor school achievement, divorced parents

Question 24

What are the most common genetic factors contributing to mental retardation?

Answer 24

Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome

Question 25

What are some challenges of early and middle adulthood?

Answer 25

Transitional periods, reappraisal of desires, goals, and values, vulnerable to physical/emotional illness during periods of life change (Midlife crisis), Regression

Question 26

Percentage of marriages ending in divorce?

Answer 26

50%

Question 27

What are factors that contribute to divorce?

Answer 27

Short courtship, teenage premarital pregnancy, absence of family support, prior divorce in family, differences in religion/socioeconomic background, couples that experience serious illness in child

Question 28

What is at an increased risk in single-parent families?

Answer 28

Physical and mental illness

Question 29

What risks are increased in a child coming from divorced parents?

Answer 29

School failure, depression, drug abuse, suicide, criminal activity, divorce

Question 30

What is the difference betwixt sole, joint, and split custody?

Answer 30

Sole: parent with whom child lives, has legal responsibility for child and makes decisions about care. Other parent contributes to financial support and has scheduled visiting times, Joint: Child spends part of time living with each parent, Split: Each parent has custody of at least one child in the family

Question 31

When should one be told about adoption?

Answer 31

At earliest possible age along with all that is known about biological parents

Question 32

Characteristics of early adulthood

Answer 32

Role in society defined, physical development at peak, independence, love and gratifying work, adopt parental values after years of rebellion and soul-seeking

Question 33

Characteristics of middle adulthood

Answer 33

Unique social responsibilities, health, money, power, authority

Question 34

What is climacterium?

Answer 34

Physiological changes that occur in men and women during midlife (Men: Decreased MSK strength, endurance, sexual performance, Women: menopause

Question 35

What are some losses of aging?

Answer 35

Social status, spouses, family, friends, health, strength

Question 36

What is the average life expectancy? Men? Women?

Answer 36

77, 75, 80

Question 37

What are neurologic changes associated with aging?

Answer 37

Decreased cerebral blood flow, decreased brain weight, amyloid plaques, decreased neurotransmitter availability

Question 38

What other physiological losses that accompany aging?

Answer 38

Bladder control, strength, vision, hearing

Question 39

What is some major psychopathology found in elderly?

Answer 39

Depression (Pseudodementia), suicide, anxiety, substance abuse, delirium

Question 40

What are the Elizabeth Kubler-Ross stages of dying?

Answer 40

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Question 41

What is abnormal grief?

Answer 41

Syx of sadness intensify or persist over time instead of lessening

Question 42

What is bereavement?

Answer 42

Normal grief may subside in 1 to 2 years

Question 43

What are Autism Spectrum Disorders? When are they seen?

Answer 43

Do not acquire verbal and social skills at the expected age, no reciprocity, restricted range of interests, clumsiness; Seen before age 3

Question 44

What is Rett's Disorder?

Answer 44

Normal development early followed by hand wringing, breathing problems, intellectual impairment, ataxia, and social decline

Question 45

What is Childhood Disintegrative Disorder?

Answer 45

2-10 years of normal development followed by late onset developmental delays