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Botany Geek > THE LIVING WORLD > Flashcards

THE LIVING WORLD Flashcards

1
Q

Who is a founder

A

Who makes a field

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2
Q

Who is a father

A

Who develops a field

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3
Q

Who was Aristotle

A

1st person to classify organisms.

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4
Q

What was the basis of classification of Aristotle

A

Morphology

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5
Q

What were the two classification of Aristotle? Describe them

A

Plants and animals. In plants, there are 3- herbs, shrubs and trees. In animals there are 2, anima and enaima.

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6
Q

Describe herbs, shrubs and trees with examples.

A

Herbs- small, non woody. Eg. Coriander, mint
Shrubs- small-medium, woody. Eg. Tulsi, lemon, rose, china rose.
Tree- medium - large, woody

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7
Q

What are anaima and enaima?

A

Anaima- blood absent. No RBC
Enaima- blood present.

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8
Q

Founder of taxonomy

A

Aristotle

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9
Q

Father of Zoology

A

Aristotle

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10
Q

Father of biology

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

Father of botany

A

Theophrastus

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12
Q

Who gave the term taxonomy? What is it’s origin?

A

AP Decandole
Greek origin.

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13
Q

Meaning of taxonomy

A

Studying by arrangement

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14
Q

Steps of taxonomy

A

Characterization or description
Identification
Classification
Nomenclature

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15
Q

Father of taxonomy

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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16
Q

Who gave the two kingdom classification

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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17
Q

Who gave binomial nomenclature

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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18
Q

Why is Latin used in nomenclature

A

Dead language

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19
Q

Who gave systematics

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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20
Q

Steps of systematics

A

Characterization
Identification
Classification
Nomenclature
Phylogeny

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21
Q

What is phylogeny

A

Describes relationship among organisms

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22
Q

What are the two kingdoms in two kingdom classification

A

Plantae and animalia

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23
Q

What are the basis of two kingdom classification

A

Response to external stimuli
Plant - animal +
Mode of nutrition
Plant- autotroph animal - heterotroph
Locomotion
Plant - animal +
Cell wall
Plant + animal -
Contractile vacuole
Plant - animal +

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24
Q

Describe binomial nomenclature

A

1st word- represent genus name(1st letter capital)
2nd word- represent specific epithet(all letters small)

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25
Q

Scientific name of Lion

A

Panthera leo

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26
Q

Scientific name of tiger

A

Panthera tigris

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27
Q

Scientific name of leopard

A

Panthera pardus

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28
Q

Describe binomial nomenclature

A

Written in italics (written - printed)(represent Latin origin)
Latin
Universally accepted
Underline separately (when handwritten)(to represent Latin origin)

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29
Q

Books of Carolus Linnaeus

A

Systema naturae- nomenclature of animals, 1st edition 1736
10th edition 1756 or 1758(most accepted)
Species plantarum- nomenclature of plants,1753

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30
Q

Why use scientific name

A

One name
No name used twice

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31
Q

Study of different kinds of organisms, and their diversities, but also the relationships among them

A

Systematics

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32
Q

All names of animals are invalid before

A

1756 or 10th edition of systema naturae

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33
Q

All names of plants were invalid before

A

1753 of species plantarum

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34
Q

How are names given in binomial nomenclature

A

Genus+species+author’s name

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35
Q

ICBN

A

International Code for Botanical Nomenclature

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36
Q

ICZN

A

International Code for Zoological Nomenclature

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37
Q

ICNB

A

International Code for Nomenclature of Bacteria

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38
Q

What are categories?

A

All categories are rank

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39
Q

What is taxon

A

Category m taxon hote h

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40
Q

Taxon can belong to any category or rank

A

True

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41
Q

Describe taxon

A

Deals with object
Real
Belong to any rank

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42
Q

Describe category

A

Deals with rank
Abstract
One particular rank

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43
Q

As we go from kingdom to species, what happens to similarities

A

Increases

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44
Q

What are species

A

Group of organisms with fundamental similarities

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45
Q

Who gave biological species concept

A

Ernst mayr

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46
Q

What is biological species concept

A

A group of individual or potentially interbreeding population that are reproductively isolated from such group

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47
Q

What is genus

A

Group of closely related species

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48
Q

What category represent common ancestory

A

Genus

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49
Q

Name the genus of lion, tiger and leopard

A

Panthera

50
Q

Name the genus of jungle cat, fishing cat, golden cat

A

Felis

51
Q

Name the genus of dog, wolf, jackel

A

Canis

52
Q

Name the genus of potato, brinjal, makoi

A

Solanum

53
Q

What is a family

A

Group of closely related genus

54
Q

What is family based on

A

Vegetative and reproductive features

55
Q

Panthera and felis belongs to which family

A

Felidae

56
Q

Dhatura, petunia, solanum belongs to which family

A

Solanaceae

57
Q

What is an order

A

Group of closely related family

58
Q

Felidae and canidae belong to which order

A

Carnivora

59
Q

The species sweet potato belongs to which family

A

Convoluceae

60
Q

Solanaceae and convoluceae belongs to which order

A

Polymonial
Basis- floral character

61
Q

What is a class

A

Group of closely related order

62
Q

Primata and carnivora belongs to which class

A

Mammals

63
Q

In chronological order, tell me about species human

A

K- animalia
P- chordata
C- Mammalia
O- primata
F- hominidae
G- homo
S- human

64
Q

In chronological order, tell me about housefly

A

K- animalia
P- arthropoda
C- insecta
O- dipthera
F- muscidae
G- Musca
S- Musca domestica

65
Q

In chronological order, tell me about the species wheat

A

K- plantae
D- angiospermae
C- monocotyledonae
O- poales
F- poaceae
G- triticum
S- wheat(triticum aestivum)

66
Q

In chronological order, tell me about the species Mangifera Indica

A

K- plantae
D- angiospermae
C- dicotyledonse
O- sapindales
F- anacardiaceae
G- Mangifera
S- Mangifera Indica

67
Q

What is taxonomical aid

A

Study of diversity. It needs specimen (real or model)

68
Q

What does taxonomical aid require?

A

Extensive field work as well as laboratory work

69
Q

What are the types of taxonomical aid

A

2 types
Ex situ
In situ

70
Q

What is ex situ

A

Moved to a new habitat which have conditions similar to natural habitat
(To protect endangered species)

71
Q

What is in situ

A

Protection of entire area

72
Q

What’s the other type of classification of taxonomical aid

A

Conservation
Preservation

73
Q

What is conserved

A

Living

74
Q

What is preserved

A

Dead organisms

75
Q

What is a herbarium

A

Ex situ, plants, preservation
Dictionary of plants for identification
Repository for future use

76
Q

Steps for making a herbarium sheet

A

Collect
Dry
Press
Poison (mercuric chloride)(anti fungal)
Mount
Deposit

77
Q

Who gave the universally accepted system of classification

A

Bentham and hooker

78
Q

Size of herbarium sheet

A

11.5 inches breadth
16.5 inches length

79
Q

What is written in these sheets

A

Botanical name
Collector
Date of collection
English name
Family
Place
Local name

80
Q

What does family name justify

A

Morphology

81
Q

What are herbariums associated to

A

Botanical garden

82
Q

What are botanical garden

A

Plants
Ex situ
Conservation

83
Q

What do the trees of the botanical garden have

A

Family name, genus name, species name(for identification)

84
Q

Give example of botanical garden

A

National botanical garden - Lucknow (Asia’s largest)
Lloyd botanical garden - Darjeeling
Royal botanical garden - Kew, England ( World’s largest)
Indian botanical garden - Howrah

85
Q

What is a museum

A

Plants, animals, skeletons, ex situ, preservation

86
Q

What are the two types of preservation in museum

A

Wet- formalin
Dry- small animal (insect)- collect, kill, pin
- large animal - stuff

87
Q

What Is a Zoological park

A

Wild Animals, ex situ, conservation

88
Q

What is a Zoological park used for

A

Educational purpose
Conditions similar to natural habitat
Observe food habits and behaviour

89
Q

What is a key

A

For plants and animals
List of characters for identification

90
Q

Can key be described by the classification of taxonomical aid?

A

No

91
Q

What is a key based on

A

Similarities and dissimilarities
Analytical
We can select an organism and reject other

92
Q

Describe couplet and lead

A

Couplet- pair of two contrasting statements
Lead- each statement

93
Q

What is a monograph

A

Study of single taxon or category

94
Q

What is a catalogue

A

Sequential arrangement of names of all species in an area. It is for both plants and animals.

95
Q

What is a manual?

A

Complete list of all characters of all species in an area( for identification)

96
Q

What are the characters of living

A

Observable and non observable

97
Q

What are the observable characters

A

Growth
Reproduction
Sensitivity

98
Q

What are the non observable characters

A

Metabolism
Replication
Organisation

99
Q

What is growth

A

Increase in number or mass are twin characters

100
Q

Is growth a character of living or a defining feature?

A

Character of living

101
Q

Is intrinsic growth a character of living or a defining feature?

A

Defining feature

102
Q

Differentiate in growth of plants and animals

A

Plant - unlimited (restricted to region)
Animal - limited (restricted to age)

103
Q

Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction

A

Asexual - 1 parent, gametogenesis can be absent or present, clones are formed
Sexual - 2 parents, gametogenesis present, variations are seen

104
Q

What are the types of asexual reproduction

A

Binary fission
Fragmentation
Regeneration
Budding

105
Q

What is 100% regeneration

A

Fragmentation

106
Q

Talk about growth and reproduction together

A

In unicellular- mutually inclusive as they grow due to reproduction
In multicellular- mutually exclusive

107
Q

Is reproduction a defining feature

A

No

108
Q

What is sensitivity

A

Response to external stimuli
Most complicated feature

109
Q

Is sensitivity a defining feature

A

Yes

110
Q

What does bacteria respond to

A

Antibodies

111
Q

What do plants respond to

A

Photoperiod

112
Q

What do animals respond to?

A

Seasons

113
Q

What is self consciousness

A

Awareness towards self

114
Q

Is self consciousness a defining feature?

A

Yes, only of humans

115
Q

What is metabolism

A

Sum total of all the reactions in body
Types- anabolism and catabolism

116
Q

Is metabolism a defining feature?

A

Yes

117
Q

What is in vitro

A

Reaction outside the body
It is a living reaction but not a living thing

118
Q

What is in vivo

A

Inside the body

119
Q

Any metabolic reaction outside the body is

A

Neither living, not non living

120
Q

Is replication a defining feature

A

Yes

121
Q

Is organisation a defining feature

A

Yes

122
Q

Differentiate between a person in COMA and brain-dead

A

COMA- person is living as it is still sensitive
Brain-dead - person is dead

Botany Geek (3 decks)

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