The Living World Flashcards
(36 cards)
what is the number of species that are known and described?
1.7 to 1.8 million species
what is nomenclature?
nomenclature is process done to make sure that all the organisms in the world have only 1 name
what is identification ?
to name an organism we first have to describe it and known it properly , the process of doing that is called identification
what is the code for naming plants?
International code FOR botonical nomenclature
what is the code for naming animals?
International code OF zoological nomenclature
what are the components of a biological name ?
a biological name has two parts
, the first part represents the generic name while the 2nd represents the specific epithet
what are the rules for writing a biological name ?
1) biological names are mostly in latin and written italics
2) 1st word - genus/generic name
2nd word -specific epithet /
species
3) both the parts should be written seperately and should be underlined or if printed both the pats should be in italics
4) first letter of the genus should be capitalised
5)the authors name appears after the name
what is trinomial nomenclature?
trinomial nomenclature is when subspecies is written after species
what is classification ?
as it is impossible to study all the organisms we need to narrow them down to smaller convinient groups based on some easily observable charectors . the proscess of doing this is called classification
what is taxonomy and what are taxa ?
the small convinient groups of organisms produced after classification are called taxa . the proscess of classification into taxa is called taxonomy
what is the history of taxonomy ?
taxonomy is not something that is very new . the earlier classifications were done based on our needs . for ex, the earliest classifications was based on the uses of animas
what is systematics ?
different kind of organisms , their diversities , the relationship among them is called systematic
what does systema mean ?
it means the systematic arrangment of organisms
what is an example for a publication of linneaus ?
systema naturae
- on systematics
what does systematics include ?
systematics includes
-identification
-nomenclature
-classification
-it also takes into account evolutionary relationship between organisms
explain taxonomic categories
taxonomy includes not 1 but a hierarchy of steps where each step represents a category or taxon
what are taxonomic categories ?
taxonomic categories are distinct biological entities not merely morphological aggregates.
the lowest category in organisms are species
what are the 7 taxonomic categories ?
-kingdom
-phylum/divisions
-class
-order
-family
-genus
-species
what are species ?
species are a group of organisms having fundamental similarities.
the organisms in species can be diffrentiated by distinct morphological diffrences
ex: mangifera INDICA - mango
solanum TUBEROSUM-potato
panthera LEO- lion
homo SAPIENS-humans
what are some species in genus panthera ?
-leo
-tigris
-pardus
what are some species in genus solanum ?
-tuberosum
-nigrum
-melongena
what is a genus ?
genus comprises of group of species which are related and have more common charectors .
ex: Felis is a genus that inludes cats
solanum is a genus consisting of potato , brinjal
panthera is a genus consisting of lion , tiger ,leaperd
what is a family?
family is an aggregate of related genus
there is less similarities between the genus
charecteroized based on vegitative and reprodductive features of plant families
ex: SOLANACEA-consists of genus solanum,petunia, datura
FELIDAE-felis and panthera
CANIDAE-cannis
what is an order?
order is a group of related family
-families exhibit only a few similar charectors
Ex:
family covolvulacea and family solanaceae are grouped into ORDER POLYNOMIALES
*based on floral charectors
family canidae and family felidae
are grouped into ORDER CARNIVORA
*based on mode of nutrition
