THE LOWER LIMB

Question 1

attachments of gluteus maximus

Answer 1

iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx proximally and iliotibial tract distally

Question 2

action of gluteus maximus

Answer 2

extensor of the hip

Question 3

attachments of gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 3

external/posterior/gluteal aspect of the ilium and anterolateral aspect of the greate trochanter of the femur

Question 4

action of gluteus medius/minimus

Answer 4

abduction and medialy rotation of the thigh

Question 5

nerve supply to gluteus medius/minimus

Answer 5

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 6

damage to gluteal muscles or their nerve supply can cause

Answer 6

trendelenberg gait

Question 7

nerve supply to gluteus maximus

Answer 7

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 8

deep muscles of the gluteal region

Answer 8

piriformis, gemelli, obturator internus, quadratus femoris

Question 9

attachments of the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 9

between the sacrum, ilium and ischial spine and tuberosity medially and the greater trochanter of the femur laterally

Question 10

action of the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 10

external roataion of the thigh, and stability of the hip joint

Question 11

what is the iliotibial tract and where does it run?

Answer 11

a thickening of the fascia lata, running from the ASIS to the lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle

Question 12

purpose of the iliotibial tract

Answer 12

support the knee joint

Question 13

what/where is the tensor fasciae latae

Answer 13

the muscular part of the fascia lata, enclosed in the proximal posrtion of the tract

Question 14

which spinal roots make up the sciatic nerve?

Answer 14

L4-S3

Question 15

name the branches of the sciatic nerve

Answer 15

tibial and common fibular

Question 16

which nerve roots make up the pudendal nerve ?

Answer 16

S2-S4

Question 17

what does the pudendal nerve innervate

Answer 17

muscles, skin and fascia of much of the perineum

Question 18

what nerve roots make up the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Answer 18

S1-S3

Question 19

what does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh innervate

Answer 19

the skin over the posterior aspect of the thigh

Question 20

what type of nerve fibres does the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh contain

Answer 20

sensory and sympathetic nerve fibres

Question 21

borders of the femoral triangle

Answer 21

superiorly - inguinal ligament
medially - adductor longus
laterally - sartorius 
floor - pectineus medially, iliopsoas laterally
roof - deep fascia

Question 22

contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 22

from lateral to medial - femoral nerve, artery, vein, lymph nodes

Question 23

contents of the femoral sheath

Answer 23

femoral artery and vein

Question 24

what is the femoral sheath made of

Answer 24

a short tube of tranversalis and iliopsoas fascia

Question 25

which nerve roots form the femoral nerve

Answer 25

L2-L4

Question 26

where does the saphenous nerve branch from

Answer 26

femoral nerve

Question 27

where does the saphenous nerve branch from the femoral nerve

Answer 27

leaves the adductor canal to pass between sartorius and gracilis

Question 28

what does the saphenous nerve supply

Answer 28

anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and medial aspect of the foot

Question 29

what are the contents of the femoral canal

Answer 29

deep inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue

Question 30

what do the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries supply

Answer 30

the head of the femur

Question 31

where do the circumflex femoral arteries arise from

Answer 31

profunda femoris

Question 32

the inguinal ligament is made up of the

Answer 32

inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis

Question 33

muscles of the anterior thigh

Answer 33

iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastuc medius and lateralis, and vastus intermedius)

Question 34

proximal attachments of iliopsoas

Answer 34

iliac fossa and lumbar transverse processes/IV discs

Question 35

distal attachments of iliopsoas

Answer 35

lesser trochanter of femur

Question 36

action of iliopsoas

Answer 36

flexion at the hip

Question 37

nerve supply of iliopsoas

Answer 37

anterior rami of lumber spinal nerves

Question 38

proximal attachments of sartorius

Answer 38

ASIS

Question 39

distal attachments of sartorius

Answer 39

medial surface of proximal tibia

Question 40

action of sartorius

Answer 40

flexion at the hip and knee

Question 41

nerve supply of sartorius

Answer 41

femoral nerve

Question 42

proximal attachment of rectus femoris

Answer 42

ASIS

Question 43

distal attachemtns of rectus femoris

Answer 43

patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)

Question 44

action of the quadriceps femoris

Answer 44

extension of the knee

Question 45

nerve supply of quadriceps femoris

Answer 45

femoral nerve

Question 46

proximal attachment of vastus muscles (quads)

Answer 46

shaft of femur

Question 47

distal attachments of vastus muscles (quads)

Answer 47

patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)

Question 48

muscles of the medial thigh

Answer 48

gracilis, adductors brevis, longus and magnus

Question 49

which muscle contains a hamstring part and an adductor part

Answer 49

adductor magnus

Question 50

where is gracilis located

Answer 50

most medially

Question 51

which hamstring crosses the knee

Answer 51

gracilis

Question 52

which adductor lies most posteriorly

Answer 52

adductor magnus

Question 53

which adductor lies most superiorly

Answer 53

adductor brevis

Question 54

proximal attachments of the adductors

Answer 54

pubis, ischiopubic ramus, or ischial tuberosity (hamstring part of a. magnus)

Question 55

distal attachments of the adductors

Answer 55

posterior surface of the shaft of the femur along the linea aspera, or adductor tubercle of the tibia (adductor part of a. magnus)

Question 56

nerve supply to the adductors

Answer 56

obturator (L2-L4), except for the hamstring part of a. magnus - tibial nerve

Question 57

sensory innervation of the thigh

Answer 57

anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (branch of femoral nerve - L2-L4), lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (branch of the lumboscaral plexus - L2-L3), cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Question 58

lymph following the great saphenous vein drains into the

Answer 58

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 59

lymph from the superficial inguinal nodes drains into the

Answer 59

external iliac nodes

Question 60

lymph following the small saphenous vein drains into the

Answer 60

popliteal nodes

Question 61

lymph from the popliteal nodes drains into the

Answer 61

deep inguinal nodes

Question 62

the deep inguinal nodes drain into the

Answer 62

external iliac nodes