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Reproductive System > The Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Male Reproductive System Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is hydrocoele?

A

Excess fluid in tunica vaginalis

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2
Q

How do you diagnose a hydrocoele?

A

Trans illuminate testi > will glow if filled with fluid

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3
Q

Outline the arterial blood supply to the testis

A
  • Testicular arteries from the abdominal aorta at
    L1
  • symmetrical on both sides
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4
Q

Outline the venous drainage of the testis

A
  • via the pampiniform plexus
  • right testicular vein > IVC
  • left testicular vein > left renal vein > IVC
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5
Q

Outline the lymphatic drainage of the testis

A

Via the para-aortic lymph nodes

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6
Q

Outline the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

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7
Q

What is Bell-clapper deformity?
What can happen in boys with this deformity?

A

Tunica vaginalis lacks a normal attachment to testis > hangs freely

Testicular torsion

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8
Q

Outline the rule of three of spermatic cord

A
  • 3 fascial layers
  • 3 arteries/veins
  • 3 nerves
  • 3 others
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9
Q

Name the 3 fascial layers of the spermatic cord

A
  • internal spermatic fascia
  • cremasteric fascia
  • external spermatic fascia
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10
Q

3 arteries and accompanying vein of spermatic cord

A
  • testicular artery/vein (pampiniform plexus)
  • arteries + veins from the vas
  • cremasteric vein + artery
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11
Q

3 nerves of the spermatic cord

A
  • autonomic - sympathics to vas
  • genital branch of genitofemornal nerve - motor to cremaster
  • ilioinguinal nerve - sensory to part of external genitals + upper inner thigh on top of
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12
Q

Why does the pampiniform plexus surround the testicular artery?

A
  • artery pump helps venous return
  • cooling effect of the blood
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13
Q

3 others of the spermatic cord

A
  • vas/ductus deferens
  • lymphatics
  • patent processes vaginalis
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14
Q

What does ‘point and shoot’ refer to?

A

Parasympathic > erection
Sympathetic > ejaculation

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15
Q

What does ‘water under the bridge refer to’ in men?

A

The ureter passes under the vas

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16
Q

Briefly outline the process of a vasectomy

A
  • under general anaesthetic
  • Small cut in scrotal skin
  • vas deferens is cut
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17
Q

What accessory glands contribute to the volume of semen?

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral glands
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18
Q

What are the accessory glands which secrete semen?
What is their percentage composition?

A
  • seminal vesicles ~65%
  • prostate gland ~25%
  • bulbourethrel glands ~1%
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19
Q

Function of fluid produced by seminal vesicles

Study These Flashcards
A
  • nutrition for sperm
  • alkaline > neutralises acidic environment of vagina
20
Q

Describe the ejaculatory fluid produced by the prostate gland

Study These Flashcards
A
  • contains proteolysis enzymes
  • mildly acidic
21
Q

Function of fluid produced by bulbourethral glands

Study These Flashcards
A

Reduces friction
Pre-ejaculate

22
Q

Outline the process of an erection

Study These Flashcards
A
  • initiated by parasympathetic stimulation
  • release of NO causes GTP > cGMP
  • vasodilation > increase blood flow to corpus cavernosum
    .
  • ischocavernosus + bulbospongiosus contract > helps blood stay in erect penis > rigidity
23
Q

What is the cremasteric reflex?

Study These Flashcards
A

Stroking of the inner thigh causes the cremaster muscle to contract > ipsilateral testicle moves up

24
Q

Outline the route of sperm from the testicles to the penis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • sperm develop in the Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testicles
  • sperm ‘learn how to swim’ in the epididymis
  • exit in the vas deferens of the spermatic cord
  • spermatic cord enters the body via the inguinal canal + splits into the vas and the blood supply
  • vas deferens meets the seminal vesicle > ejaculatory duct
  • pass through the prostate gland
  • prostatic urethra > membranous urethra > bulbous urethra > penile urethra
25
What are the male urethral divisions?
Pre prostatic > prostatic > membranous > bulbous > penile
26
What cells make up seminiferous tubules? What are their function?
- **Sertoli cells** - spermatogenesis - **Leydig cells** - produce testosterone
27
Function of the Sertoli cells
Spermatogenesis
28
Function of leydig cells
Produce testosterone
29
What are the two tissue types of the penis?
Corpus spongiosum Corpus cavernosum
30
Differentiate between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancers in terms of the zone affected?
- BPH: transitional zone - prostatic cancers: peripheral zone
31
What part of the prostate is affected in benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Transitional zone
32
What part of the prostate tends to be affected in prostate cancers?
Peripheral zone
33
Describe the cross sectional structure of the penis
‘Like ET’ - **Corpus cavernosum**: larger double circles surrounded by **tunica albuginea** - **Corpus spongiosum**: smaller singular circle containing the **urethra**
34
What is the tunica albuginea and what is its function?
- a ring around the corpus cavernous - gives penis cylindrical shape
35
What is a fractured penis?
Rupture of the tunica albuginea
36
Where do the testicular arteries branch off the abdominal aorta?
L1
37
What pulls the testes through the abdominal wall muscles?
Gubernaculum ‘Like a finger in cling film’
38
What do leydig cells contain a lot of?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
39
Where do the testes initially develop i the embryonic period?
Posterior abdominal wall
40
What is a varicocele?
Swelling of the scrotum due to increased hydrostatic pressure in pampiniform plexus
41
Which testicle is more likely to form a varicocele and why?
Left Pampiniform plexus drains into left renal vein then IVC
42
Urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
- frequent urination - urgency of urination - incontinence
43
What is the blood supply to the penis?
- internal pudendal artery - a branch of the internal iliac artery
44
What prevents semen from entering the bladder during ejaculation?
Internal urethral sphincter
45
What needs to be considered in a transgender man?
They may still have a cervix so may need cervical screening
46
An absence of the cremasteric reflex is suggestive of…
Testicular torsion
47
What enzyme is secreted by the prostate gland? What is the clinical use of the enzyme?
PSA - prostate specific antigen If high, suspicion of prostate cancer

Reproductive System (22 decks)

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