the medicine revolution

Question 1

who was Louis pastuer?

Answer 1

French scientist who came up with Germ Theory

and developed vaccinations in the 1800s.

Question 2

who was Joseph Lister?

Answer 2

Developed antiseptic surgery by spraying Carbolic acid on

wounds and the hands of surgeons.

Question 3

who was James Simpson?

Answer 3

Accidentally discovered the anaesthetic

chloroform— made popular by Queen Victoria.

Question 4

who was Robert Koch?

Answer 4

German scientist who competed with Pasteur who

identified the TB germ using dye to stain bacteria.

Question 5

which theory’s did Louis pastuer challenge?

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur challenged the theory of spontaneous generation and miasma

Question 6

how did pastuer come up with germ theory?

Answer 6

Through a series of experiments, Pasteur proved that heat
could kill microbes, that microorganisms live in the air, and that germs did not come alive on their own. Pasteur came to the conclusion
that bacteria and microbes caused infection. This was known as Germ Theory.

Question 7

why didn’t people believe him?

Answer 7

Pasteur’s ideas were not immediately accepted in Britain: most doctors didn’t believe that microscopic germs could harm something as
big as a human

Question 8

how did this change?

Answer 8

after Prince Albert died of Typhoid. Anti-contagionists linked the cleaning of urban areas. Two years
later the work of Koch proved that Germ Theory could explain human diseases

Question 9

what else did koch do other than prove germ theory?

Answer 9

Koch also used a dye to stain microbes that
could then be photographed under a microscope. He proved that diseases were caused by different microbes leading to his team of
scientists hunting down and finding typhoid, pneumonia, meningitis, plague and tetanus germs

Question 10

what sped up the rivalry between pasteur and koch?

Answer 10

war between germany and france

Question 11

what did they both discover during this time?

Answer 11

koch discovered anthrax whilst pasteur created a vaccine for not only anthrax but cholera and rabies aswell.

Question 12

what led to the news of their outbreak spreading faster?

Answer 12

electric telegraph and scientific talks.

Question 13

what did Paul Ehrlich ( part of kochs team) find out?

Answer 13

Paul Ehrlich (part of Koch’s team) developed the first chemical cure for a disease. He found Salvarsan 606 cured syphilis. He described this
as a “magic bullet”

Question 14

which 2 anaesthetics were discovered?

Answer 14

Nitrous Oxide and Ether were discovered but were not safe and effective.

Question 15

what did james simpson accidentally discover?

Answer 15

chloroform

Question 16

what led to the public trusting these anaesthetics?

Answer 16

Dr john snow persuaded the queen to let her use it in a successful treatment

Question 17

what did lister do to build upon germ theory?

Answer 17

Lister built on Pasteur’s Germ Theory and used carbolic acid in surgery to kill bacteria. He soaked bandages in the acid and used them on a
boy with a broken leg. He experimented by spraying acid to coat the hands of surgeons in operations. Lister struggled to explain why his
method worked and other doctors thought their methods worked perfectly well.

Question 18

what happened in the 18th century due to crammed and tight living conditions?

Answer 18

In 1831, 1837 and

1838 and 1848 (60,000 dead) there was a cholera epidemic.

Question 19

who ended it?

Answer 19

In 1854, John Snow connected cholera to the dirty water people were
drinking helping to stop the spread of cholera (although he didn’t know why it worked!)

Question 20

what led the government to redesign the citys?

Answer 20

Chadwick delivered a report in 1842 on the terrible health of the poor leading to government action and highlighting the need for cleaner
streets and a clean water supply. 10,000 copies of the report were handed out.

Question 21

what did the government end up doing about it?

Answer 21

By 1858, the government spent £3 million employing
Joseph Bazalgette to build a sewage system in London and stop the “Great Stink”. After this was finished, cholera never returned.

Question 22

what led to changing the law to make public health acts?

Answer 22

giving working class people the vote