THE micro FINAL Flashcards by Cortney Simpson

Which of the following are the building blocks of proteins?
a. amino acids
b. monosaccarides
c. nucleotides
d. peptides

A. amino acids

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Glucose, sucrose, and cellulose are examples of:
a. carbohydrates
b. disaccharides
c. monosaccharides
d. polysaccarides

A. carbohydrates

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Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in an RNA molecule?
a. adenine
b. guanine
c. thymine
d. uracil

C. thymine

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Which of the following are purines?
a. adenine and guanine
b. adenine and thymine
c. guanine and uracil
d. guanine and cytosine

A. adenine and guanine

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Which of the following is not found at the site of protein synthesis?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. rRNA
d. tRNA

A. DNA

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Which of the following statements are true about DNA? Select all that apply.
a. DNA contains thymine but not uracil
b. DNA molecules contain deoxyribose
c. In a double-stranded DNA molecule, adenine on one strand will be connected to thymine on the complementary strand by 2 hydrogen bonds
d. All of the above

D. All of the above

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The amino acids in a polypeptide chain are connected by:
a. covalent bonds
b. glycosidic bonds
c. peptide bonds
d. both a and c

D. both A and C

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Which of the following statements are true about nucleotides? Select all that apply.
a. A nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base
b. A nucleotide contains a pentose
c. A nucleotide contains a phosphate group
d. all of the above

D. all of the above

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How many carbon atoms does a heptose contain?

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Virtually, all enzymes are:
a. carbohydrates
b. nucleic acids
c. proteins
d. substrates

C. proteins

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What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino Acids

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The end product of _______ is a messenger RNA molecule.

Transcription

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The end product of _____ is a protein.

Translation

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T or F
The basic structure of a cell membrane is a lipid bilayer

True

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During Translation, amino acids are ‘activated’ by attaching to an appropriate _______ molecule.

tRNA

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T or F
The peptide bonds that hold amino acids together in protein molecules are examples of covalent bonds

True

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The microbes that usually live on or in a person are collectively referred to as:
a. germs
b. indigenous microbiota
c. nonpathogens
d. opportunistic pathogens

B. indigenous microbiota

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Microbes that live on dead and decaying organic material are known as:
a. indigenous microbiota
b. parasites
c. pathogens
d. saprophytes

D. Saprophytes

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Which of the following are even smaller than viruses?
a. chlamydias
b. prions and viroids
c. rickettsias
d. cyanobacteria

B. prions and viroids

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A Protective Environment would be appropriate for a patient:
a. infected with MRSA
b. with leukopenia
c. with pneumonic plague
d. with tuberculosis

B. with leukopenia

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Contact Precautions are required for patients with:
a. C-difficile-associated diseases
b. infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria
c. viral hemorrhagic fevers
d. all of the above

D. all of the above

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A patient suspected of having tuberculosis has been admitted to the hospital. Which one of the following is not appropriate?
a. Droplet Precautions
b. An AIIR
c. Standard Precautions
d. Use of a type N95 respirator by health care professionals who are caring for the patient

A. Droplet Precautions would not be appropriate

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An HAI is one that:
a. develops during hospitalization or erupts within 14 days of hospital discharge
b. a surgical wound infection that develops 45 days after discharge
c. is acquired in the community
d. the patient has at the time of hospital admission

A. develops during hospitalization or erupts within 14 days of hospital discharge

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An example of a fomite would be:
a. a drinking glass used by patient
b. bandages from an infected wound
c. soiled bed linens
d. all of the above

D. all of the above

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Which of the following Gram-positive bacteria is most likely to be the cause of an HAI? a. C-difficile b. S. Aureus c. Streptococcus pneumoniae d. S. pyogenes

B. S. aureus

Which of the following Gram-positive bacteria is least likely to be the cause of an HAI? a. Klebsiella species b. Salmonella species c. E. coli d. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

B. Salmonella species

Which of the following is not part of Standard Precautions? a. Handwashing between patient contacts b. Placing a patient in a private room having negative air pressure c. Properly disposing of needles, scalpels, and other sharps d. wearing gloves, masks, eye protection, and gowns when appropriate

B. Placing a patient in a private room having negative air pressure (that would be AIIR)

Which of the following statements is not true about medical asepsis? a. disinfection is a medical aseptic technique b. handwashing is a medical aseptic technique c. medical asepsis is considered a clean technique d. the goal of medical asepsis is to exclude all the microbes from an area

Which of the following statements is not true about an AIIR? a. air entering the room is passed through HEPA filters b. the room is under negative air pressure c. An AIIR is appropriate for patients with meningcoccal meningitis, whooping cough or influenza d. Transmission-Based Precautions will be necessary

A is not true because protective precautions are not needed

In addition to Standard Precautions, _______ must be used when managing a patient with streptococcal pneumonia

Droplet Precautions

The goal of _______ is to render and keep objects and areas sterile.

Surgical Aseptic Technique

In addition to Standard Precautions, _____ must be used when managing a tuberculosis patient

Airborne Precautions

The goal of ______ is to reduce the number and transmission of pathogens

Medical aseptic technique

In addition to Standard Precautions _____ must be used when managing a patient with a Clostridium.

Contact Precautions

T or F Most of the pathogens involved in healthcare associate infections (HAI) come from the patients themselves.

True

A patient with TB should be placed in a ______

AIIR; airborne infection isolation room

T or F A leukopenic patient should be placed in a room having positive air pressure.

True Protect the Patient (P for Positive)

The greatest number and variety of indigenous microbiota of the human body live in or on the: a. colon b. GU tract c. mouth d. skin

A. colon

Neurotoxins are produced by: a. C. botulinum and C. tetani b. C. difficile and C. perfringens c. P. aeruginosa and M. tuberculosis d. S. aureus and S. pyogenes

A. C. botulinum and C. tetani

Communicable diseases are most easily transmitted during the: a. incubation period b. period of convalescence c. period of illness d. prodromal period

C. period of illness

Enterotoxins affect cells in the: a. CNS b. gastrointestinal tract c. genitourinary tract d. respiratory tract

B. Gastrointestinal tract

Which of the following bacteria is least likely to be the cause of septic shock? a. E. coli b. H. influenza c. M. pneumoniae d. N. meningitdis

c. M. pneumoniae

Which of the following produces both a cytotoxin (cyto = of cell) and an enterotoxin? a. C. botulinum b. C. difficile c. C. tetani d. C. diphtheriae

B. C. difficile

Which of the following can cause toxic shock syndrome? a. C. difficile and C. perfringens b. M. pneumoniae and M. tuberculosis c. N. gonorrhoeae and E. coli d. S. aureus and S. pyogenes

D. S. aureus and S. pyogenes (as well as Strep)

A CSF specimen is what kind of lab?

Stat Lab

T or F Viruses can have both DNA and RNA

False viruses either have DNA or RNA, never both

What are DNA's base pairs?

A-T, G-C

What is the functional unit of life?

a cell

T or F Avirulet= no ability to cause disease Virulet=extremely infectious

True

T or F Gram-negative bacteria are more likely to cause toxic shock syndrome

True

T or F An autoclave uses both heat and pressure

True

What is the cell membrane made of?

lipids (phospholipids)

What are cell walls made of?

peptidoglycan

T or F Chlamydia is a Nationally Notifiable Infection

True

What is a common cause of urethritis?

Chlamydia

Cell mediated immunity is cell based

True

An antibody is not a cell and cannot give cell-based immunity

True

In a hypertonic solution a cell will ______?

Shrink (It has a high solute/Salt content; water follows salt.)

In a hypotonic solution the cell will _____? (there's more salt in the cell; water follows salt)

Swell (There is more salt with in the cell; water follows salt)

Ebstein-Barr and HPV are types of oncogenic viruses (cancer causing)

True

Mycoplasma doesn't have a cell wall so it is _____

pleomorphic

Microbial Antagonism vs. Microbial Synergism

Opportunistic Microbe (ex. Staph and E.coli)

Plastid

Plasmid

4 ways to get new genetic information

Artificial Passive Immunity

What is limiting factor

Identify the different types of Tinea

What are the cardinal symptoms of inflammation