The Microbial World and You

Question 1

Living things too small to be seen with the unaided eye are called

Answer 1

microorganisms

Question 2

microbes

Answer 2

bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae and viruses, archaea, multicellular animal parasites

Question 3

benefits of microbes

Answer 3

generate oxygen by photosynthesis

produce products used in manufacturing and disease treatment

Fermentation

Bioremediation

Question 4

Prokaryote Microorganisms

Answer 4

bacteria and archaea

Question 5

Eukaryote Microorganisms

Answer 5

fungi, protozoa, algae

Question 6

Three domains

Answer 6

bacteria, archaea and eukarya

Question 7

bacteriology

Answer 7

study of bacteria

Question 8

mycology

Answer 8

study of fungi

Question 9

parasitology

Answer 9

study of protozoa and parasitic worms

Question 10

immunology

Answer 10

study of immunity

Question 11

virology

Answer 11

study of viruses

Question 12

cell theory

Answer 12

all living things are composed of cells
Robert Hooke

Question 13

biogenesis

Answer 13

living cells come from preexisting living cells
Rudolf Virchow

Question 14

spontaneous generation

Answer 14

life comes from nonliving matter

Question 15

father of microbiology; first to observe microorganisms under a microscope

Answer 15

anton van leeuwenhoek

Question 16

performed surgery under aseptic conditions using phenol; proved microbes caused surgical wound infections

Answer 16

joseph lister

Question 17

showed that life did not arise from nonliving matter

showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation

Answer 17

louis pasteur

Question 18

created experimental steps to link a specific microbe to a specific disease

Answer 18

robert koch

Question 19

Drawbacks of Microbes

Answer 19

can be disease producing

Question 20

Bacteria

Answer 20

prokaryotes

single celled

divide by binary fission

peptidoglycan cell walls

derive nutrition from organic or inorganic photosynthesis

Question 21

Archaea

Answer 21

prokaryotes

no peptidoglycan cell walls

live in extreme environments

Question 22

Fungi

Answer 22

eukaryotes

chitlin cell walls

absorb organic chemicals for energy

unicellular= yeast

molds and mushrooms= multicellular

Question 23

Protozoa

Answer 23

eukaryotes

absorb or ingest organic chemicals

free-living or parasitic

move using pseudopods, cilia or flagella

Question 24

Algae

Answer 24

eukaryotes

cellulose cell walls

in freshwater, saltwater, or soil

photosynthesis for energy

produce oxygen and carbohydrates

Question 25

Viruses

Answer 25

acellular DNA or RNA core Core surrounded by protein coat Coat can be enclosed by lipid envelope Must live in host cell to replicate

Question 26

chemotherapy

Answer 26

treatment of disease with chemicals

Question 27

antibiotics

Answer 27

chemicals made by bacteria or fungi that stop or kill other microbes

Question 28

developed a synthetic arsenic drug to treat syphilis; magic bullet

Answer 28

Paul Ehrlich

Question 29

biotechnology

Answer 29

using microbes for practical reasons such as food and chemical production

Question 30

recombinant DNA technology

Answer 30

lets bacteria and fungi create a variety of proteins, vaccines and enzymes

Question 31

gene therapy

Answer 31

replace missing or defective genes in human cells

Question 32

bacillus thurigeiensis

Answer 32

fatal infection in many infects

Question 33

microbial ecology

Answer 33

the study of the relationship between microorganisms and their environment

Question 34

microbial genetics

Answer 34

study of how microbes inherit traits

Question 35

molecular biology

Answer 35

study of how DNA directs protein synthesis

Question 36

genomics

Answer 36

study of an organism's genes; provides new tools for classification

Question 37

recombinant DNA

Answer 37

DNA made from two different sources Paul berg: inserted animal DNA into bacterial DNA= produced animal protein

Question 38

Alexander Fleming

Answer 38

discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin from penicillium fungus

Question 39

pasteurization

Answer 39

applying high heat for a short time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages

Question 40

fermentation

Answer 40

microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air

Question 41

Algae include

Answer 41

methanogens, extreme halophiles and extreme thermophiles

Question 42

fungi can be either

Answer 42

unicellular or multicellular

Question 43

all protozoa are

Answer 43

unicellular

Question 44

viruses are not

Answer 44

alive because they cannot reproduce on their own