The Microcytic Anemias

Question 1

What is the causes of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 1

Low iron due to lack in diet or lack of absorption

Question 2

What is the iron status of IDA

Answer 2

decreased iron, decreased ferritin

Question 3

What are the risk factors of IDA

Answer 3

Pregnancy, GI issues, increased bleeding

Question 4

The symptoms of IDA are

Answer 4

fatigue, pica, koilonychia (spooning of the nails), and cheilitis (chapping around the edges of the mouth)

Question 5

What is the hematologic picture or lab results of IDA

Answer 5

microcytic, hypochromic anemia

Question 6

What are treatments to IDA

Answer 6

iron supplements, sometimes iron transfusion

Question 7

What is the cause to ACD/AIO

Answer 7

due to secondary condition, the iron is blocked

Question 8

What are the risk factors of ACD/AIO

Answer 8

infections, inflammation, RA (rheumatoid arthritis), and CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 9

What is the iron status of ACD/AIO

Answer 9

decreased iron, increased ferritin, increased hepcidin

Question 10

What is the hematologic picture or lab results of ACD/AIO

Answer 10

microcytic, hypochromic

Question 11

What are the treatments for ACD/AIO

Answer 11

to treat the underlying factors

Question 12

What is the cause of sideroblastic anemia

Answer 12

Accumulation of iron in the mitochondria: defective synthesis of heme

Question 13

What is the iron status of sideroblastic anemia

Answer 13

increased iron, increased ferritin

Question 14

What is the hematologic picture or lab results of sideroblastic anemia

Answer 14

Microcytic, Hypochromic, Dimorphism, Pappenheimer bodies

Question 15

What is the cause to hereditary hemochromatosis

Answer 15

it is inherited, iron overload

Question 16

What is the iron status of hereditary hemochromatosis

Answer 16

increased iron, increased ferritin

Question 17

What are the risk factors to hereditary hemochromatosis

Answer 17

it leads to organ failure

Question 18

What are some symptoms of hereditary hemochromatosis

Answer 18

tender & swollen joints, chronic fatigue weakness

Question 19

What is the hematologic picture or lab results for hereditary hemochromatosis

Answer 19

ferritin over 200-300

Question 20

What are some treatments for hereditary hemochromatosis

Answer 20

therapeutic phlebotomy; chelation

Question 21

What are the alpha thalassemia’s

Answer 21

Bart’s Thalassemia/Hydrops fetalis, Hemoglobin H, Alpha trait (minor), and silent carrier

Question 22

What is the cause of Bart’s Thalassemia/ Hydrops Fetalis

Answer 22

the four alpha-globin genes are defective

Question 23

What is the iron status of Bart’s Thalassemia

Answer 23

it is not iron related

Question 24

What are the symptoms of Bart’s Thalassemia

Answer 24

it is incompatible with life so it causes miscarriages & stillbirth

Question 25

What is the hematologic picture or lab results for Bart's Thalassemia

Answer 25

Hgb Bart, no hgb F, and no hgb A

Question 26

What is the cause to Hemoglobin H

Answer 26

three alpha-globin genes are defective

Question 27

What is the iron status of Hemoglobin H

Answer 27

it is not iron related

Question 28

What is the hematologic picture or lab results for Hemoglobin H

Answer 28

Hgb H formed instead of A, hgb H inclusions

Question 29

What is the cause of Alpha trait (minor)

Answer 29

two alpha-globin genes are defective

Question 30

What is the iron status of Alpha trait (minor)

Answer 30

it is not iron related

Question 31

What is the hematologic picture or lab results of Alpha trait (minor)

Answer 31

mild anemia

Question 32

What is the cause of Silent Carrier

Answer 32

one alpha-globin gene are defective

Question 33

What is the iron status of Silent Carrier

Answer 33

it is not iron related

Question 34

What is the hematologic picture or lab results for Silent Carrier

Answer 34

normal CBC, slightly microcytic

Question 35

What are the beta thalassemia's

Answer 35

Beta Major/Cooley's anemia/Mediterranean, Beta minor

Question 36

What is the cause of Beta Major/Cooley's anemia/Mediterranean

Answer 36

two deleted or defective beta genes

Question 36

What is the iron status of Beta Major/Cooley's anemia/Mediterranean

Answer 36

it is not iron related

Question 37

What is the symptoms of Beta Major/Cooley's anemia/Mediterranean

Answer 37

it is the most severe, causes bossing (enlargement of the skull bones)

Question 38

What is the hematologic picture or lab results of Beta Major/Cooley's anemia/Mediterranean

Answer 38

Hgb F and A2 increased, NRBC's increased, schistocytes, and target cells

Question 39

How is Beta Major/Cooley's anemia/Mediterranean treated

Answer 39

multiple blood transfusions may lead to iron overload

Question 40

What is the cause of Beta minor

Answer 40

one defective beta gene

Question 41

What is the iron status of Beta minor

Answer 41

it is not iron related but it mimics IDA

Question 42

What is the hematologic picture or lab results of Beta minor

Answer 42

hgb A2 and F are increased, RBC increased, basophilic stipplings, and target cells

Question 43

What is hepcidin

Answer 43

a liver hormone that regulates how the body uses iron

Question 44

What is transferrin

Answer 44

a protein that binds iron and transports, the transferrin receptors on pronormoblasts bind iron

Question 45

What is TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity)

Answer 45

the capacity of transferrin to bind bind iron, or a blood test that measures the amount of iron that the protein transferrin can bind to in the blood

Question 46

What is ferritin

Answer 46

a storage form of iron in bone marrow

Question 47

What is hemosiderin

Answer 47

a major long term storage of iron (found in urine)