The Middle Ages

Question 1

Simony

Answer 1

practice of bishops selling positions in the church

Question 2

Gothic

Answer 2

New architectural style - tall spires, pointed arches

Question 3

Pope Urban II

Answer 3

Catholic Pope who called for Holy war agaisnt the Muslims to conquer the Holy land/Jerusalem (first crusade)

Question 4

Crusade

Answer 4

Christian holy war to recapture Jerusalem

Question 5

Saladin

Answer 5

famous muslim leader who fought crusaders

Question 6

Richard the lionhearted

Answer 6

Christian crusader who fought saladin

Question 7

reconquista

Answer 7

Spanish effort to drive Muslims out of spain

Question 8

inquisition

Answer 8

church court used to suppress heresy (enforce Catholosiscm)

Question 9

Friars

Answer 9

new religious order that traveled - Domincans and Franciscans

Question 10

3 main efforts of the crusades

Answer 10

-increased trade between Europe and SW Asia
-Power of church and feudal system weakened, monarchial power increased
-bitterness among christians, muslims and jews

Question 11

four main changes In medieval society

Answer 11

-Growth of food supply (new 3 field system)
-Growth of guilds
-Commercial revolution
-Revival of learning

Question 12

Guild

Answer 12

An organization of individuals in the same occupation working to improve social and economical conditions fro its workers

Question 13

3 field system

Answer 13

planting 2/3s of the land to increase plant production

Question 14

horsepower

Answer 14

uses of horses instead of oxen improved speed

Question 15

commercial revolution

Answer 15

dramatic expansion of trade and business during the late Middle Ages

Question 16

medieval towns and cities

Answer 16

communities with growing populations, unsanitary conditions, wooden homes, narrow streets

Question 17

Revival of learning

Answer 17

vernacular, universities, Thomas Aquinas, scholastics, scholasticism

Question 18

vernacular

Answer 18

the way people use a language in ta country or region

Question 19

Scholasticism

Answer 19

the reason to understand faith

Question 20

Thomas Aquinas

Answer 20

Italian priest who explored the mind and God
Wrote Summa Theologica - basic religious truth could be supported by logical argument

Question 21

William the conquerer

Answer 21

Norman who invaded and conquered the Anglo-Saxons in England

Question 22

Henry II

Answer 22

-English king
-Established common law
developed early jury system
-Sent judges to all parts f England to collect taxes, settle lawsuits and enforce punishments
-Married to Eleanor of Aquitaine, giving him a fief in France

Question 23

King John (John the soft sword)

Answer 23

Forced to sign the Magna Carta ( great charter) guaranteeing rights

Question 24

Magna Carta (Great Charter)

Answer 24

guaranteed basic political rights to nobles and safeguarded their feudal rights, later was extended to all citizens

Question 25

Parliament

Answer 25

English legislative group called together by Edward I House of Lords and House of Commons check on noble and royal power

Question 26

Edward I

Answer 26

created the parliament

Question 27

Hugh Capet (count of Paris)

Answer 27

Capetian king first of the Capetian dynasty who took over from he Caroligians

Question 28

Phillip II (Philip Augustus)

Answer 28

Seized Normandy from King John of England -Established royal officers called Blair's who presided over the kings court and collected taxes -Expanded power of the manarchy

Question 29

Louis IX (St. Louis)

Answer 29

created an appeals court to overturn a judges decision -Expaned power of the monarchy

Question 30

Phillip IV

Answer 30

-feuded with the pope over taxing priests -established the Estates-General to gain support over the pope -1st estate (Clergy) 2nd Estate (nobles) 3rd Estate (commoners)

Question 31

Otto I

Answer 31

crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the pope after assisting putting down a rebellion in Rome

Question 32

great schism

Answer 32

Split of Roman Catholic Church during which rival popes claimed authority

Question 33

John Wycliffe

Answer 33

Englishman who challenged the church, argued the Bible and Jesus are most important

Question 34

Henry IV

Answer 34

fought with the pope over lay investiture Concordat of Worms-treaty between pope and Holy Roman Empire emperor could veto popes appoints

Question 35

lay investiture

Answer 35

power to appoint and install bishops in office

Question 36

Jan Hus

Answer 36

Bohemian who challenged church and taught bible most important, was executed

Question 37

Emperor Frederick (Barbarossa)

Answer 37

lost battle of Legnano and German princes gained power

Question 38

Frederick II

Answer 38

interests were in Italy, which caused German to fragment

Question 39

Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

Answer 39

married to unify Spain drove muslims and jews out during the reconquista used the inquisition to force people to be Catholic

Question 40

Charles V

Answer 40

expanded Spanish empire

Question 41

The hundred years war

Answer 41

-Fought between France and England -Over land rights in France -England won in the beginning by using the longbow -France won

Question 42

Joan of Arc

Answer 42

French commoner who had visions from God, helped the French defeat the English at Orleans, burned at the stake for witchcraft

Question 43

viking

Answer 43

norsemen from Scandinavia that used longboats and loved invading and sacking

Question 44

magyar

Answer 44

Hungarians

Question 45

Lord

Answer 45

owner of manor

Question 46

vassal

Answer 46

given fief by lord in exchange for military sevice