The Molecules Of Cells

Question 1

Hydrophilic

Answer 1

Water loving

Question 2

Hydrophobic

Answer 2

Water hating

Question 3

Acids

Answer 3

Substances that release hydrogen ions

Contain more H+ than OH-

Question 4

Bases

Answer 4

Substances that either take up hydrogen or release OH

Question 5

pH scale

Answer 5

Ranges from 0-14

14 being most basic and 0 being the most acidic

Question 6

Buffer

Answer 6

Maintains the pH of a substance

Question 7

Organic molecules

Answer 7

Always contain carbon and hydrogen

Question 8

Monomer

Answer 8

Simple organic molecule

Question 9

Polymer

Answer 9

Serval monomers put together

Question 10

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 10

Water is taken out

Question 11

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 11

Water is added

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Function for quick fuel and short term energy storage

Question 13

Monosaccharide

Answer 13

Simple sugar. Can’t be broken down

Question 14

Disaccharide

Answer 14

Two monosaccharides joined together

Question 15

Polysaccharides

Answer 15

Long polymers such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose

Question 16

Starch and glycogen

Answer 16

Large storage forms of glucose found In animals and plants

Question 17

Cellulose

Answer 17

Known as fiber, we can’t digest it

Question 18

Lipids

Answer 18

Consists of fats, oils, and steroids

Can not dissolve in water

Question 19

Function of fats

Answer 19

Long term energy storage

Insulated against heat loss

Forms protective cushion around major organs

Question 20

Triglyceride

Answer 20

Fancy name for fat

Made up of three parts

Question 21

Fatty acid

Answer 21

Hydrocarbon chain that ends with the acidic group COOH

Question 22

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 22

NO double bonds

Question 23

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 23

Have double bonds between carbons

Question 24

Phospholipids

Answer 24

Contain phosphate group

Head is polar, body is non-polar

Can breakdown in water

Question 25

Steroids

Answer 25

Four fused carbon rings

Question 26

Proteins

Answer 26

Polymers composed of amino acid monomers

Question 27

Enzymes

Answer 27

Speed chemical reactions

Question 28

PolyPeptide

Answer 28

Chain of amino acids that are joined to one another by peptide bonds

Question 29

Primary structure

Answer 29

The level of structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids that join to form a polypeptide

Question 30

Secondary structure

Answer 30

Hydrogen bonding between amino acids cause the polypeptide to form an alpha helix or beta sheet

Question 31

Tertiary structure

Answer 31

Covalent bonding cause the polypeptide to fold and twist

Question 32

Quaternary stricture

Answer 32

Occurs when two or more polypeptides join to form a single protein

Question 33

Denatured

Answer 33

When proteins go under extreme heat or pH change they undergo irreversible change In shape