The more emphasized terms - Reversed Cards edition Flashcards
1
Q
Brass instruments of moderately low range, whose tube is an elongated loop with a movable slide, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz ensembles.
A
Trombone
2
Q
Soprano
A
Female voice of high range.
3
Q
Brass instrument
A
Instrument, made of brass or silver, whose sound is produced by the vibrations of the player’s lips as he or she blows into a cup- or funnel-shaped mouthpiece. The vibrations are amplified and colored in a tube that is flared at the end.
4
Q
Degree of loudness or softness in music.
A
Dynamics
5
Q
Moderately slow, a walking pace.
A
Andante
6
Q
Central tone of a melody or larger piece of music. When a piece is in the key of C major, for example, C is the keynote.
A
Keynote; tonic
7
Q
Cadence
A
(1) Resting place at the end of a phrase in a melody. (2) Progression giving a sense of conclusion, often from the dominant chord to the tonic chord.
8
Q
Regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time.
A
Beat
9
Q
Presentation of a melodic idea by one voice or instrument that is immediately followed by its restatement by another voice or instrument, as in a round.
A
Imitation
10
Q
Pitch
A
Relative highness or lowness of a sound.
11
Q
Moderately fast.
A
Allegretto
12
Q
Fast.
A
Allegro
13
Q
English horn
A
Double-reed woodwind instrument, slightly larger than the oboe and with a lower range, straight in shape with an egg-shaped bell.
14
Q
Soft.
A
Piano; p
15
Q
Family of single-reed woodwind instruments.
A
Saxophone
16
Q
Minor scale
A
Series of seven tones within an octave, with an eighth repeating the first tone and octave higher, composed of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the half step between the second and third tones is characteristic.
17
Q
Homophonic texture
A
Term describing music in which one main melody is accompanied by chords.
18
Q
Symbol which notates a pitch one half step higher than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated – for example, the next higher black key on the piano.
A
Sharp sign (symbol is ♯)
19
Q
Widely used keyboard instrument of great range and versatility, whose sound is produced by felt-covered hammers striking against steel strings.
A
Piano
20
Q
Register
A
Part of the total range of an instrument or voice. The tone color of the instrument or voice may vary with the register, high, low, or middle, in which it is played or sung.
21
Q
Produces a tone.
A
Definite pitch percussion instrument
22
Q
Central note, scale, and chord within a piece, in relationship to which all other tones in the composition are heard.
A
Key; tonality
23
Q
Moderately loud.
A
Mezzo forte; mf
24
Q
Crescendo (symbol is < )
A
Gradually louder.
25
Instrument of definite or indefinite pitch whose sound is produced by striking by hand, or with a stick or hammer, or by shaking or rubbing.
Percussion instrument
26
Definite resting place, giving a sense of finality, at the end of a phrase in a melody.
Complete cadence
27
Single melodic line without accompaniment.
Monophonic texture
28
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, the largest of the orchestral drums.
Bass drum
29
Moderately soft.
Mezzo piano; mp
30
Key signature
Sharp or flat signs immediately following the clef sign at the beginning of a piece of music, indicating the key in which the music is to be played.
31
Forte; f
Loud.
32
Tuba
Largest brass instrument, with the lowest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras and bands.
33
Part of the total range of an instrument or voice. The tone color of the instrument or voice may vary with the register, high, low, or middle, in which it is played or sung.
Register
34
Moderate.
Moderato
35
Bassoon
Double-reed woodwind instrument, made of wood, having a low range.
36
Distance between the highest and lowest tones that a given voice or instrument can produce.
Pitch range
37
Very soft.
Pianissimo; pp
38
Notation on a staff to indicate relatively high pitch ranges, such as those played by a pianist's right hand.
Treble clef
39
Piano
Widely used keyboard instrument of great range and versatility, whose sound is produced by felt-covered hammers striking against steel strings.
40
Unison
Performance of a single melodic line by more than one instrument or voice at the same pitch or in different octaves.
41
Keyboard instrument, widely used from about 1500 to 1775, whose sound is produced by plectra that pluck its wire strings. The harpsichord was revived during the 20th century.
Harpsichord
42
Unaccented pulse preceding the downbeat.
Upbeat
43
Tonic chord
Triad built on the first, or tonic, note of the scale, serving as the main chord of a piece and usually beginning and ending it.
44
Largest brass instrument, with the lowest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras and bands.
Tuba
45
Percussion instruments of definite pitch, shaped like large kettles with calfskin or plastic stretched across the tops, played with soft padded mallets.
Timpani; Kettledrums
46
Pattern of 3 beats to the measure.
Triple meter
47
Performance of a single melodic line by more than one instrument or voice at the same pitch or in different octaves.
Unison
48
Vibrato
Small fluctuations of pitch that make the tone warmer, produced in string instruments by rocking the left hand while it presses the string down.
49
Bass
Male voice of low range.
50
Duple meter
Pattern of 2 beats to the measure.
51
Cello; Violoncello
String instrument with a range lower than that of the viola and higher than that of the double bass.
52
Plucked string instrument, consisting of strings stretched within a triangular frame.
Harp
53
Form
Organization of musical ideas in time.
54
Two numbers, one above the other, appearing at the beginning of a staff or the start of a piece, indicating the meter of the piece.
Time signature; meter signature
55
Organization of beats into regular groups.
Meter
56
Alto; Contralto
Female voice of low range.
57
Rapid repetition of a tone, produced in string instruments by quick up-and-down strokes of the bow.
Tremolo
58
Imitation
Presentation of a melodic idea by one voice or instrument that is immediately followed by its restatement by another voice or instrument, as in a round.
59
Harp
Plucked string instrument, consisting of strings stretched within a triangular frame.
60
Prestissimo
As fast as possible.
61
Guitar
Plucked string instrument with six strings stretched along a fretted fingerboard.
62
Symbol placed at the beginning of the staff to show the exact pitch of notes placed on each line and space.
Clef
63
Double-reed woodwind instrument with a register one octave lower than that of the bassoon.
Contrabassoon
64
Words, usually at the beginning of a piece of music and often in Italian, which specify the pace at which the music should be played.
Tempo indication
65
Smallest interval traditionally used in western music; for example, the interval between ti and do.
Half step
66
Complete cadence
Definite resting place, giving a sense of finality, at the end of a phrase in a melody.
67
String instrument with a lower range than the violin and a higher range than the cello.
Viola
68
In notation of rhythm, a symbol to indicate the duration of silence in the music.
Rest
69
Rhythmic groups set off by bar lines, containing a fixed number of beats.
Measure
70
Tambourine
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a skin stretched across a shallow cylinder, with small circular plates set into the cylinder which jingle when the skin is struck or the cylinder is shaken.
71
Double-reed woodwind instrument with a relatively high range, conical in shape with a small flared bell.
Oboe
72
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a pair of metal plates, played by striking the plates against each other.
Cymbals
73
Lively.
Vivace
74
Performance of two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest at the same time.
Polyphonic texture
75
Snare drum; Side drum
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, in the shape of a cylinder with a stretched skin at either end. A "snare" of gut or metal is stretched below the lower skin and produces a rattling sound when the drum is stuck.
76
Music based on a major scale.
Major key
77
Flute
Woodwind instrument, usually made of metal, with a high range, whose tone is produced by blowing across the edge of a mouth hole.
78
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a triangular length of metal suspended from a hook or cord, played by striking with a metal rod.
Triangle
79
Pitch range
Distance between the highest and lowest tones that a given voice or instrument can produce.
80
Andante
Moderately slow, a walking pace.
81
Quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another.
Tone color; Timbre
82
Symbol used in notation of pitch to cancel a previous sharp or flat sign.
Natural sign (symbol is ♮)
83
Central key of a piece of music, usually both beginning and ending the piece, regardless of how many other keys are included.
Tonic key; Home key
84
Tempo indication
Words, usually at the beginning of a piece of music and often in Italian, which specify the pace at which the music should be played.
85
Tonic key; Home key
Central key of a piece of music, usually both beginning and ending the piece, regardless of how many other keys are included.
86
Pattern of 2 beats to the measure.
Duple meter
87
Symbol which notates a pitch on half step lower than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated -- for example, the next lower key on the piano.
Flat sign (symbol is ♭)
88
Tone color; Timbre
Quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another.
89
Flat sign (symbol is ♭)
Symbol which notates a pitch on half step lower than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated -- for example, the next lower key on the piano.
90
Bass Clarinet
Member of the clarinet family, having a low range. Its shape is curved at the end before flaring into a bell.
91
"Distance" in pitch between any two tones.
Interval
92
Step
Interval between two adjacent tones in the scale.
93
Member of the clarinet family, having a low range. Its shape is curved at the end before flaring into a bell.
Bass Clarinet
94
Time signature; meter signature
Two numbers, one above the other, appearing at the beginning of a staff or the start of a piece, indicating the meter of the piece.
95
Instruments whose sound is produced by two narrow pieces of cane held between the player's lips; these pieces vibrate when the player blows between them.
Double-reed woodwinds
96
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a skin stretched across a shallow cylinder, with small circular plates set into the cylinder which jingle when the skin is struck or the cylinder is shaken.
Tambourine
97
Mezzo forte; mf
Moderately loud.
98
In notation, a black or white oval to which a stem or flags can be added.
Note
99
Pianissimo; pp
Very soft.
100
Definite pitch percussion instrument
Produces a tone.
101
Tone combination that is stable and restful.
Consonance
102
Sharp sign (symbol is ♯)
Symbol which notates a pitch one half step higher than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated -- for example, the next higher black key on the piano.
103
Dotted note
Note with a dot to the right of it. This dot increases the note's undotted duration by half.
104
Becoming slower.
Ritardando
105
Octave
Interval between two tones in which the higher tone has twice the frequency of the lower tone.
106
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, in the shape of a cylinder with a stretched skin at either end. A "snare" of gut or metal is stretched below the lower skin and produces a rattling sound when the drum is stuck.
Snare drum; Side drum
107
Keyboard instrument with many sets of pipes controlled from two or more keyboards including a pedal keyboard played by the organist's feet. The keys control valves from which air is blown across or through openings in the pipes. (The electric organ is an electronic instrument that is sometimes designed to imitate the sound of a pipe organ.)
Organ; Pipe organ
108
Triangle
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a triangular length of metal suspended from a hook or cord, played by striking with a metal rod.
109
Meter
Organization of beats into regular groups.
110
Double bass; Bass
Largest string instrument, having the lowest range of the string family.
111
As fast as possible.
Prestissimo
112
Long-short rhythmic pattern in which a dotted note is followed by a note that is much shorter.
Dotted rhythm
113
Slow.
Adagio
114
Style
Characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, tone, color, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form in music.
115
Two-part form; Binary form (A B)
Form that can be represented as a statement (A) and counterstatement (B).
116
Instrument whose sound is produced by vibrations of air in a tube; holes along the length of tube are opened and closed by the fingers, or by pads, to control the pitch.
Woodwind insturment
117
Part of a melody.
Phrase
118
Upbeat
Unaccented pulse preceding the downbeat.
119
Oboe
Double-reed woodwind instrument with a relatively high range, conical in shape with a small flared bell.
120
Adagio
Slow.
121
Cornet
Brass instrument similar in shape to the trumpet, with a mellower tone.
122
Harpsichord
Keyboard instrument, widely used from about 1500 to 1775, whose sound is produced by plectra that pluck its wire strings. The harpsichord was revived during the 20th century.
123
Moderato
Moderate.
124
Device used to veil or muffle the tone of an instrument. For string instruments, the mute is a clamp that fits onto the bridge; for brass instruments, it is a funnel-shaped piece of wood, metal, or plastic that fits into the bell.
Mute
125
Triple meter
Pattern of 3 beats to the measure.
126
Major key
Music based on a major scale.
127
Notation showing all the parts of a musical ensemble, with a separate staff for each part, and with simultaneously sounded notes aligned vertically; used by the conductor.
Score
128
Metronome
Apparatus that produces ticking sounds or flashes of light at any desired constant speed.
129
Small fluctuations of pitch that make the tone warmer, produced in string instruments by rocking the left hand while it presses the string down.
Vibrato
130
Sharp or flat signs immediately following the clef sign at the beginning of a piece of music, indicating the key in which the music is to be played.
Key signature
131
First, or stressed, beat of a measure.
Downbeat
132
Saxophone
Family of single-reed woodwind instruments.
133
(1) Resting place at the end of a phrase in a melody. (2) Progression giving a sense of conclusion, often from the dominant chord to the tonic chord.
Cadence
134
Euphonium
Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba and the baritone horn, with a higher range than the tuba's, commonly used in bands.
135
Male voice of high range.
Tenor
136
Timpani; Kettledrums
Percussion instruments of definite pitch, shaped like large kettles with calfskin or plastic stretched across the tops, played with soft padded mallets.
137
Triad
Most basic of chords, consisting of three alternate tones of the scale, such as do, mi sol.
138
Dominant chord
Triad built on the fifth note of the scale, which sets up tension that is resolved by the tonic chord.
139
Reed
Very thin piece of cane, used in woodwind instruments to produce sound as it is set into vibration by a stream of air.
140
Half step
Smallest interval traditionally used in western music; for example, the interval between ti and do.
141
Inconclusive resting point at the end of a phrase, which sets up expectations for the following phrase.
Incomplete cadence
142
Staff
In notation, a set of five horizontal lines between or on which notes are positioned.
143
French horn; Horn
Brass instrument of medium range, whose tube is coiled into a roughly circular shape and fitted with valves, commonly used in symphony orchestras and in bands.
144
Keynote; tonic
Central tone of a melody or larger piece of music. When a piece is in the key of C major, for example, C is the keynote.
145
Thin stick used by many conductors to beat time and indicate pulse and tempo.
Baton
146
Downbeat
First, or stressed, beat of a measure.
147
Keyboard instrument
Instrument -- such as the piano, organ or harpsichord -- played by pressing a series of keys with the fingers.
148
Vivace
Lively.
149
Tremolo
Rapid repetition of a tone, produced in string instruments by quick up-and-down strokes of the bow.
150
Produces a noiselike sound.
Indefinite pitch percussion instrument
151
Triad built on the first, or tonic, note of the scale, serving as the main chord of a piece and usually beginning and ending it.
Tonic chord
152
Characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, tone, color, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form in music.
Style
153
Musical texture
Number of layers of sound that are heard at once, what kinds of layers they are, and how they are related to each other.
154
Progression form a dissonance to a consonance.
Resolution
155
Allegretto
Moderately fast.
156
Triad built on the fifth note of the scale, which sets up tension that is resolved by the tonic chord.
Dominant chord
157
Broken chord; arpeggio
Sounding of the individual tones of a chord in sequence rather than simultaneously.
158
Electronic instrument
Instrument whose sound is produced, modified, or amplified by electronic means.
159
Treble clef
Notation on a staff to indicate relatively high pitch ranges, such as those played by a pianist's right hand.
160
Modulation
Shift from one key to another within the same piece.
161
Baton
Thin stick used by many conductors to beat time and indicate pulse and tempo.
162
Range
Distance between the highest and lowest tones that a given voice or instrument can produce.
163
Chord
Combination of three or more tones sounded at once.
164
Technique of combining two or more melodic lines into a meaningful whole.
Counterpoint
165
Term describing music in which one main melody is accompanied by chords.
Homophonic texture
166
String instrument
Instrument whose sound is produced by the vibration of strings.
167
Music based on a minor scale.
Minor key
168
Scale including all twelve tones of the octave; each tone is a half step away from the next one.
Chromatic scale
169
Piano; p
Soft.
170
Double-reed woodwinds
Instruments whose sound is produced by two narrow pieces of cane held between the player's lips; these pieces vibrate when the player blows between them.
171
Brass instrument of medium range, whose tube is coiled into a roughly circular shape and fitted with valves, commonly used in symphony orchestras and in bands.
French horn; Horn
172
Ordered flow of music through time; the pattern of durations of notes and silences in music.
Rhythm
173
Gradually louder.
Crescendo (symbol is < )
174
Viola
String instrument with a lower range than the violin and a higher range than the cello.
175
Organization of musical ideas in time.
Form
176
Striking differences of pitch, dynamics, rhythm, and tempo that provide variety and change of mood.
Contrast
177
Sounding of the individual tones of a chord in sequence rather than simultaneously.
Broken chord; arpeggio
178
String instrument with the highest range of the string family.
Violin
179
Beat
Regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time.
180
Decrescendo; Diminuendo (symbol is > )
Gradually softer.
181
Principal first violinist in a symphony orchestra.
Concertmaster
182
Clarinet
Single-reed woodwind instrument with a beak-shaped mouthpiece, cylindrical in shape with a slightly flared bell.
183
Presto
Very fast.
184
Key; tonality
Central note, scale, and chord within a piece, in relationship to which all other tones in the composition are heard.
185
Largest string instrument, having the lowest range of the string family.
Double bass; Bass
186
Rest
In notation of rhythm, a symbol to indicate the duration of silence in the music.
187
Chromatic scale
Scale including all twelve tones of the octave; each tone is a half step away from the next one.
188
Incomplete cadence
Inconclusive resting point at the end of a phrase, which sets up expectations for the following phrase.
189
Bow
Slightly curved stick strung tightly with horsehair, used to play string instruments.
190
Symbol on the staff indicating relatively low pitch ranges, such as those played by a pianist's left hand.
Bass clef
191
Fortissimo; ff
Very loud.
192
Dotted rhythm
Long-short rhythmic pattern in which a dotted note is followed by a note that is much shorter.
193
Number of layers of sound that are heard at once, what kinds of layers they are, and how they are related to each other.
Musical texture
194
Double-reed woodwind instrument, slightly larger than the oboe and with a lower range, straight in shape with an egg-shaped bell.
English horn
195
Interval between two tones in which the higher tone has twice the frequency of the lower tone.
Octave
196
Interval
"Distance" in pitch between any two tones.
197
Most basic of chords, consisting of three alternate tones of the scale, such as do, mi sol.
Triad
198
Scale
Series of pitches arranged in order from low to high or high to low.
199
Instrument, made of brass or silver, whose sound is produced by the vibrations of the player's lips as he or she blows into a cup- or funnel-shaped mouthpiece. The vibrations are amplified and colored in a tube that is flared at the end.
Brass instrument
200
Distance between the highest and lowest tones that a given voice or instrument can produce.
Range
201
Loud.
Forte; f
202
Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba, with a higher range, commonly used in bands.
Baritone horn
203
Measure
Rhythmic groups set off by bar lines, containing a fixed number of beats.
204
Consonance
Tone combination that is stable and restful.
205
Bass drum
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, the largest of the orchestral drums.
206
Woodwind instrument, usually made of metal, with a high range, whose tone is produced by blowing across the edge of a mouth hole.
Flute
207
Baritone horn
Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba, with a higher range, commonly used in bands.
208
Phrase
Part of a melody.
209
Largo
Very slow, broad.
210
Woodwind insturment
Instrument whose sound is produced by vibrations of air in a tube; holes along the length of tube are opened and closed by the fingers, or by pads, to control the pitch.
211
Cymbals
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a pair of metal plates, played by striking the plates against each other.
212
Trombone
Brass instruments of moderately low range, whose tube is an elongated loop with a movable slide, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz ensembles.
213
Interval larger than that between two adjacent tones in the scale.
Leap
214
Very slow, solemn.
Grave
215
Concertmaster
Principal first violinist in a symphony orchestra.
216
Gradually softer.
Decrescendo; Diminuendo (symbol is > )
217
Repetition
Reiteration of a motive, phrase, or section, often used to create a sense of unity.
218
Form that can be represented as statement (A); contrast (B); return of statement (A).
Three-part form (A B A)
219
Tie
In notation of rhythm, an arc between two notes of the same pitch indicating that the second note should not be played but should be added to the duration of the first.
220
Instrument -- such as the piano, organ or harpsichord -- played by pressing a series of keys with the fingers.
Keyboard instrument
221
Allegro
Fast.
222
Dissonance
Tone combination that is unstable and tense.
223
Combination of three or more tones sounded at once.
Chord
224
Resolution
Progression form a dissonance to a consonance.
225
Mezzo piano; mp
Moderately soft.
226
Brass instrument similar in shape to the trumpet, with a mellower tone.
Cornet
227
Slightly curved stick strung tightly with horsehair, used to play string instruments.
Bow
228
Note
In notation, a black or white oval to which a stem or flags can be added.
229
In notation of rhythm, an arc between two notes of the same pitch indicating that the second note should not be played but should be added to the duration of the first.
Tie
230
Instrument whose sound is produced by the vibration of strings.
String instrument
231
Notation
System of writing down music so that specific pitches and rhythms can be communicated.
232
Very slow, broad.
Largo
233
Harmony
How chords are constructed and how they follow each other.
234
String instrument with a range lower than that of the viola and higher than that of the double bass.
Cello; Violoncello
235
Mute
Device used to veil or muffle the tone of an instrument. For string instruments, the mute is a clamp that fits onto the bridge; for brass instruments, it is a funnel-shaped piece of wood, metal, or plastic that fits into the bell.
236
Leap
Interval larger than that between two adjacent tones in the scale.
237
Organ; Pipe organ
Keyboard instrument with many sets of pipes controlled from two or more keyboards including a pedal keyboard played by the organist's feet. The keys control valves from which air is blown across or through openings in the pipes. (The electric organ is an electronic instrument that is sometimes designed to imitate the sound of a pipe organ.)
238
Smallest woodwind instrument, having the highest range; a smaller version of the flute.
Piccolo
239
Plucked string instrument with six strings stretched along a fretted fingerboard.
Guitar
240
Single-reed woodwind instrument with a beak-shaped mouthpiece, cylindrical in shape with a slightly flared bell.
Clarinet
241
Indefinite pitch percussion instrument
Produces a noiselike sound.
242
Form that can be represented as a statement (A) and counterstatement (B).
Two-part form; Binary form (A B)
243
System of writing down music so that specific pitches and rhythms can be communicated.
Notation
244
Very fast.
Presto
245
Progression
Series of chords.
246
Male voice of low range.
Bass
247
Accelerando
Becoming faster.
248
Tenor
Male voice of high range.
249
Female voice of low range.
Alto; Contralto
250
Very thin piece of cane, used in woodwind instruments to produce sound as it is set into vibration by a stream of air.
Reed
251
Series of seven different tones within an octave, with an eighth tone repeating the first tone an octave higher, consisting of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the whole step between the second and third tones is characteristic.
Major scale
252
Clef
Symbol placed at the beginning of the staff to show the exact pitch of notes placed on each line and space.
253
Bass clef
Symbol on the staff indicating relatively low pitch ranges, such as those played by a pianist's left hand.
254
Three-part form (A B A)
Form that can be represented as statement (A); contrast (B); return of statement (A).
255
Series of seven tones within an octave, with an eighth repeating the first tone and octave higher, composed of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the half step between the second and third tones is characteristic.
Minor scale
256
Interval between two adjacent tones in the scale.
Step
257
Pattern of 4 beats to the measure.
Quadruple meter
258
Natural sign (symbol is ♮)
Symbol used in notation of pitch to cancel a previous sharp or flat sign.
259
Quadruple meter
Pattern of 4 beats to the measure.
260
Brass instruments with the highest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz and rock groups.
Trumpet
261
Series of chords.
Progression
262
Female voice of high range.
Soprano
263
Whole step
Interval twice as large as the half step; for example, the interval between do and re.
264
Double-reed woodwind instrument, made of wood, having a low range.
Bassoon
265
Tone combination that is unstable and tense.
Dissonance
266
Tempo
Basic pace of the music.
267
Accent
Emphasis of a note, which may result from its being louder, longer, or higher in pitch than the notes near it.
268
Dynamics
Degree of loudness or softness in music.
269
Basic pace of the music.
Tempo
270
Major scale
Series of seven different tones within an octave, with an eighth tone repeating the first tone an octave higher, consisting of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the whole step between the second and third tones is characteristic.
271
Contrast
Striking differences of pitch, dynamics, rhythm, and tempo that provide variety and change of mood.
272
Trumpet
Brass instruments with the highest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz and rock groups.
273
Contrabassoon
Double-reed woodwind instrument with a register one octave lower than that of the bassoon.
274
Series of pitches arranged in order from low to high or high to low.
Scale
275
Tone
Sound that has a definite pitch, or frequency.
276
In notation, a set of five horizontal lines between or on which notes are positioned.
Staff
277
Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba and the baritone horn, with a higher range than the tuba's, commonly used in bands.
Euphonium
278
Apparatus that produces ticking sounds or flashes of light at any desired constant speed.
Metronome
279
How chords are constructed and how they follow each other.
Harmony
280
Piccolo
Smallest woodwind instrument, having the highest range; a smaller version of the flute.
281
Becoming faster.
Accelerando
282
Rhythm
Ordered flow of music through time; the pattern of durations of notes and silences in music.
283
Ritardando
Becoming slower.
284
Relative highness or lowness of a sound.
Pitch
285
Sound that has a definite pitch, or frequency.
Tone
286
Violin
String instrument with the highest range of the string family.
287
Shift from one key to another within the same piece.
Modulation
288
Instruments whose sound is produced by a single piece of cane, or reed, fastened over a hole in the mouthpiece. The reed vibrates when the player blows into the mouthpiece.
Single-reed woodwinds
289
Percussion instrument
Instrument of definite or indefinite pitch whose sound is produced by striking by hand, or with a stick or hammer, or by shaking or rubbing.
290
Counterpoint
Technique of combining two or more melodic lines into a meaningful whole.
291
Monophonic texture
Single melodic line without accompaniment.
292
Interval twice as large as the half step; for example, the interval between do and re.
Whole step
293
Reiteration of a motive, phrase, or section, often used to create a sense of unity.
Repetition
294
Note with a dot to the right of it. This dot increases the note's undotted duration by half.
Dotted note
295
Emphasis of a note, which may result from its being louder, longer, or higher in pitch than the notes near it.
Accent
296
Conductor
Leader of a performing group of musicians.
297
Polyphonic texture
Performance of two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest at the same time.
298
Instrument whose sound is produced, modified, or amplified by electronic means.
Electronic instrument
299
Very loud.
Fortissimo; ff
300
Leader of a performing group of musicians.
Conductor
301
Minor key
Music based on a minor scale.
302
Single-reed woodwinds
Instruments whose sound is produced by a single piece of cane, or reed, fastened over a hole in the mouthpiece. The reed vibrates when the player blows into the mouthpiece.
303
Score
Notation showing all the parts of a musical ensemble, with a separate staff for each part, and with simultaneously sounded notes aligned vertically; used by the conductor.
304
Grave
Very slow, solemn.
