The most aggressive type of lung cancer

Question 1

The most aggressive type of lung cancer

Answer 1

Small cell ( accounts for 20% of all cases).

Question 2

Types of non-small cell lung cancer (4)

Answer 2

1) Adenocarcinoma; (most common);
2) Squamous cell;
3) Large cell;
4) Undifferentiated.

Question 3

What type of lung cancer is most associated with smoking?

Answer 3

Squamous cell

Question 4

What is the prognosis of small-cell carcinoma?

Answer 4

Poor

Question 5

Where do lung adenocarcinomas usually occur?

Answer 5

In peripheral parts

Question 6

Where does lung squamous cancer usually occur?

Answer 6

Close to main bronchus (as a result they often cause obstructions).

Question 7

Where does lung large cell cancer usually occur?

Answer 7

It can be found both in peripheral and central parts of the lung.

Question 8

What are the symptoms of mediastinum involvement in lung cancer?

Answer 8

1) Pancoast tumours - cancers that start in the top part of the lung (the apex), causes symptoms as it lies close to brachial plexus and subclavian artery:
- shoulder/arm pain;
- weakness in the arm/ muscle atrophy.

2) Horner’s syndrome - it is a combination of symptoms that arises when a group of nerves known as the sympathetic trunk is damaged. The signs and symptoms occur on the same side (ipsilateral) as it is a lesion of the sympathetic trunk.
- ptosis;
- myosis;
- enophtalmos;
- anhydrosis ( decreased sweating).

3) Pleural/pericardial effusion;

4) Superioir vena cava obstruction.
- breathlessness, because of swelling around trachea;
- headaches, which get worse when you lean forward or bend over;
- facial swelling, with changes to your complexion.
changes in your eyesight;
- a swollen neck;
- swollen arms and hands;
- visible swollen blue veins on the chest.

Question 10

In what types of lung cancers does paraneoplastic syndrom usually occur?

Answer 10

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elTZWoWfY10&ab_channel=ArmandoHasudungan
1) Small cell;
2) Squamous cell

Question 11

Small cell carinoma paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 11

**Lambert-Eaton myasthenic paraneoplastic syndrom - Proximal muscle weakness which improves with activity.

Occurs because cancer produces antibodies against presynaptic calcium channels on neurons.

Question 12

Recognised factor of non small lung cancer development (not smoking)

Answer 12

• isocyanates;
• asbestos exposure;
• polycyclic polycarbons;
• products of coal burning.