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AS History- French Revolution > The most important events > Flashcards

The most important events Flashcards

1
Q

What is a journée?

A

A day of popular action and disturbance linked to great political change

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2
Q

What is the most famous journée?

A

The Storming of the Bastille

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3
Q

When was the Storming of the Bastille?

A

July 14 1789

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4
Q

Which group of people were demonstrating at the Bastille?

A

Sans-Culottes

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5
Q

What were they demonstrating for at the Bastille?

A

Gunpowder and cartridges

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6
Q

Where was the first place they raided and what did they seize on July 14 1789?

A
  • Les Invalides- an old soldiers retirement home

* 28,000 muskets and 20 cannon were seized

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7
Q

Which governor denied the entry of the crowd on July 14 1789?

A

De Launay

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8
Q

How many people were killed in the inner courtyard at the Bastille?

A

98 people

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9
Q

What happened to the governor after the attack on the Bastille?

A

He was murdered and decapitated

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10
Q

When were the October Days?

A

1-6 October 1789

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11
Q

Who were present during the October Days?

A

A crowd of women, National Guard, Lafayette

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12
Q

What happened on October 5 1789?

A

A crowd of women stormed the Hotel de Ville- the headquarters of the commune demanding bread

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13
Q

When was the Champs de Mars massacre?

A

July 17 1791

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14
Q

How many people flocked to the Champs de Mars?

A

50,000

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15
Q

What were they there to sign on the Champs de Mars?

A

A republican petition on the ‘altar of the fatherland’

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16
Q

What did the National Guard do in response to the Champs de Mars gathering?

A

They sent Lafayette with the National Guard and they fired on the peaceful and unarmed crowd

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17
Q

How many people were killed at the Champs de Mars?

A

50 people

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18
Q

Who fled or went into hiding because of the Champs de Mars massacre?

A

Hébert, Marat, Danton

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19
Q

When did the Storming of the Tuileries Palace take place?

A

9-10 August 1792

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20
Q

Who was amongst the leaders of the Sans-Culottes in the attack on the Tuileries?

A

Hébert

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21
Q

How many people marched on the Tuileries on August 10 1792?

A
  • Several thousand men from the National Guard

* 2000 fédérés

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22
Q

Who defended the Tuileries when the attack happened?

A

3000 troops- 2000 National Guard, 1000 Swiss mercenaries

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23
Q

How many Swiss were massacred at the Tuileries?

A

600 Swiss

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24
Q

How many attackers had been wounded or killed at the Tuileries?

A

90 fédérés, 300 Parisians

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25
What other main event happened on August 10 1792?
The overthrow of the monarchy
26
When were the September massacres?
2-7 September 1793
27
What did the September massacres signify the beginning of?
The Terror
28
How many Paris prisoners were murdered in the September massacres?
Between 1100-1400 of the 2600 prisoners
29
As a result of the September massacres, what were the sans-culottes now known as?
Bloodthirsty savages- buveurs de sang (drinkers of blood)
30
When was the Battle of Valmy?
September 20 1792
31
What happened at the Battle of Valmy?
52,000 French troops defeated 34,000 Prussians
32
Why was the Battle of Valmy a significant victory for the French troops?
If the Prussians had won, it was likely that Paris would have fallen and the Revolution would have been brought to an end
33
When was the War of the First Coalition?
1 February 1793
34
Who declared war on who in 1793?
The Convention declared war on Britain and The Netherlands
35
Who was France at war with in 1793?
``` Most of Europe including: •The Netherlands •Spain •Russia •Britain ```
36
When was the Rising in the Vendée?
11 March 1793
37
Why was there no peace in the Vendée?
Sale of Church land, religious changes, guerrilla warfare
38
When was the overthrow of the Girondins?
26 May- 2 June 1793
39
What happened as a result of the events on 2 June 1793?
29 Girondin deputies and 2 ministers arrested. Charlotte Corday assassinates Marat (believed would end revolution)
40
When was the Armée Révolutionnaire?
4 September 1793
41
What was the purpose of the Armée Révolutionnaire?
* Ensure food supplies were of Paris were large in provinces | * Establish revolutionary justice in areas in the south and west
42
What was the main task of the Armée Révolutionnaire?
Engage in dechristianisation- antireligious policies against the Church (destroy its influence)
43
What was enforced in September 1793?
General Maximum
44
What was the General Maximum?
Fix the prices of a wide range of food and commodities
45
What were people’s reactions to the General Maximum?
* Peasants- rate often below the cost of production | * Sans-Culottes- happy because they could afford bread
46
When was the Political Terror?
October 1793
47
What were the 3 forms of the Political Terror?
* ’Official Terror’- victims came before the Revolutionary Tribunal * Areas of federal revolt such as the Vendée * Other parts of France under the control of representatives-on-mission (CGS)
48
When was Marie Antoinette executed?
October 16 1793
49
When was the Law of Suspects passed?
September 1793
50
What was the Law of Suspects?
Anyone suspected of counter-revolutionary activity and undermining the Republic could be arrested and held without trial indefinitely
51
How many people died during the Terror?
16,594
52
When was the new Revolutionary Calendar introduced?
5 October 1793
53
What years were included in Year I?
22 September 1792- 21 September 1793
54
When was the Great Terror?
10 June- 27 July 1794
55
What was the Law of Prairial?
Reform the Revolutionary Tribunal to secure more convictions. It was aimed against the ‘enemies of the people’
56
When does Robespierre first begin to lose support?
Spring/Summer 1794
57
In which areas does Robespierre lose support?
* Catholics * Sans-Culottes * CPS/CGS
58
Why did Robespierre lose support amongst Catholics?
Cult of the Supreme Being- a new religion to unite all Frenchmen
59
Why did Robespierre lose support from the Sans-Culottes?
* Execution of Hébertistes * Dissolution of popular societies * Raising of Maximum on prices * Imposing of Maximum on wages
60
Why did Robespierre lose support from the CGS/CPS?
Felt threatened by Robespierre. Many were becoming suspicious of him particularly following the introduction of the Cult of the Supreme Being
61
What is the Coup of Thermidor?
The overthrow of Robespierre and his closest supporters which marked the end of the Terror
62
When was Robespierre arrested?
9 Thermidor (27 July 1794)
63
When was the uprising in Germinal?
1 April 1795
64
What happened at the Germinal uprising?
A large crowd of 10,000 unarmed march on the Convention and demanded for bread and the release of former CPS members
65
When was the Prairial uprising?
20 May 1795
66
What happened at the Prairial uprising?
Large crowd marched on the Convention to demand bread- a deputy was killed and marked the end of the Sans-Culottes
67
When was the White Terror?
June 1795
68
What was the White Terror?
An attack on ex-terrorists
69
When was the new Constitution of Year III?
22 August 1795
70
What were the main features of the Constitution of Year III?
* All men over 21 were allowed to vote to choose electors | * Separate legislature from the executive
71
What were the weaknesses of the new constitution (Year III)?
Enforced the separation of powers- government could not make laws without the support of the legislature
72
When was the Verona Declaration?
24 June 1795
73
What was the Verona Declaration?
A reactionary statement promising to reverse the gains made during the revolution
74
Did the Verona Declaration succeed or fail?
Failed- gave a boost to those who favoured a Republic
75
When was the Vendémiaire uprising?
5 October 1795 (13 Vendémiaire)
76
How many people gathered to march on the Convention in 1795?
25,000
77
What was Napoleon’s signature artillery fire?
Whiff of Grapeshot- crushed the rebellion
78
He many people were killed in the Vendémiaire uprising?
300
79
How many people were a member of the Directory?
5
80
When was the Babeuf Plot?
March 1796
81
What was the aim of the Babeuf Plot?
Overthrow the Directory- resulted in Babeuf’s arrest in May 1796
82
When was the Constitution of Year VIII declared?
15 December 1799
83
How long did the Directory last for?
4 years 1795-1799
84
What happened in December 1800?
Assassination attempt on Napoleon
85
What was created in 1800?
The Bank of France
86
When was the Napoleonic Empire created?
18 May 1804
87
When was the War of the Third Coalition?
1803-1805
88
When was the War of the Fourth Coalition?
1806-1807
89
What happened in 1806?
French domination in Germany by defeating Austria and abolishing the Holy Roman Empire
90
When was the Peninsular War?
1808
91
Why was there a Peninsular War?
Secure the defeat of Britain
92
What were some consequences to the Peninsular War?
Large numbers or Spanish people rose against French rule
93
When was the invasion of Russia?
1812
94
What is scorched earth?
Destroying all food and shelter of the French- Napoleon found it difficult to feel his men and horses
95
When was the Battle of Waterloo?
June 1815
96
Who was leading the British army?
Wellington
97
When was Napoleon exiled?
November 1815
98
when did the French Revolution end?
Second Treaty of Paris- November 1815

AS History- French Revolution (3 decks)

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