The Multi Store Model Flashcards Preview

Psychology Memory > The Multi Store Model > Flashcards

Flashcards in The Multi Store Model Deck (25)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the first stage of the multi store model?

A

The incoming stimuli

2
Q

What does the incoming stimuli go to on the model?

A

Sensory stores

3
Q

What does a sensory store do?

A

Holds incoming stimuli briefly

4
Q

What’s the capacity,duration and encoding of the sensory store?

A

Large capacity
0.25 to 2 second duration
Iconic and echoic store

5
Q

What are the different types of sensory stores?

A

Echoic and iconic

6
Q

What’s the echoic Store for?

A

Auditory information

7
Q

What’s the iconic store for

A

Visual information ( temporary)

8
Q

Who came up with the multi store model?

A

Atkinson and shriffrin 1968

9
Q

What study looked into the duration of the STM & what was the method?

A

Peterson & Peterson 1959

  • briefly showed people three letter and asked them to recall them after different delays (3,6,9,12,15,18)
  • during the delays they had to count backwards
10
Q

What was the result and conclusion of Peterson and Peterson’s study?

A

Results=after 3 seconds 80% could recall and after 18 seconds only 10% could recall

Conclusion= STM has a limited durations when rehearsal is prevented

11
Q

Strengths and weaknesses of Pertersons study?

A

Strengths -reliable as lab experiments where variables can be controlled
Weaknesses-lacks ecological validity as trigrams aren’t used on a day to day basis

12
Q

What study looked into encoding information of the STM? & what was the aim?

A

Baddeley 1966a

He devised an experiment assessing whether STM is based on sounds or words

13
Q

What was Baddeleyes (A) method?

A
  • Participants were given four sets of words that were either acoustically similar or dissimilar or semantically similar or dissimilar
  • they were then asked to recall the words either immediately or after 20min task
14
Q

What were the results of Baddeleys (a) study and what does this imply?

A

People correctly recalled significantly more words when they sound dissimilar to when they sounded similar
-implying that the STM uses acoustic encoding so similar sounding info is likely to get muddled up

15
Q

What study looked into the compacity of the STM?

A

Millers magic number study

-measured how many musical notes people could remember in the STM

16
Q

What was the result of millers magic number study?

A

People could remember between 5&9 musical notes

CAPACITY OF STM IS 7+ or minus 2

17
Q

What study looked into encoding of the LTM?

A

Baddeley 1966b

Used the same method as the 1966a study but had a 20 min delay where they had to do another task before recalling the words

18
Q

What was the findings of baddeleys 1966b study?

A

Recall was more accurate for dissimilar words(85%) compared to similar (55%)
-results simpler that the LTM involves the use of semantic encoding

19
Q

What study looked into the duration of the LTM and what was the method?

A

Bahrick et al
392 participants ages between 17-74 were tested using 3 tests
1)recall test where they were asked to name the people in their graduate class
2)photo recognition test
3)name recognition test

20
Q

What were the findings of Bahricks experiment?

A

Most accurate recall was of the photo recognition with 90% accuracy after 34 years

21
Q

What’s the conclusion of Bahricks study?

A

Recall can be accurate over a very long period of time

22
Q

What evidence is there for the damage to the LTM?

A

HM
Underwent surgery for severe epilepsy where is hippocampus was removed.
the surgery reduced his the epilepsy but start it altered his memory and he was no longer able to from new LTM
-showing evidence for the different stores

23
Q

What evidence is there for damage to the STM?

A

Shallice and Warrington (1974)

Man had brain damage following a motor cycle accident
He had greatly reduced digit span and recency effect,but could form LTM

24
Q

outline the primary and recency effects

A

Its been found that if people are given a long list of words and asked to recall it then the best recall if of the earlier items first (primary) and the final items (recency)

25
Q

explain the primary and recency effects

A

recency-due to some words still being in the STM so can be relatively easily recalled
primary-due to early words having been rehearsed and placed in the LTM