The Multi Store Model Of Memory

Question 1

Who developed the Multi Store Model of memory?

Answer 1

Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin

The model is sometimes called the “Three Stage” memory model.

Question 2

What are the three distinct memory stores in the Multi Store Model?

Answer 2

• Sensory Memory
• Short Term Memory (STM)
• Long Term Memory (LTM)

Each store has different characteristics.

Question 3

What is the duration of Sensory Memory?

Answer 3

Less than a second

Question 4

What is the maximum duration of Short Term Memory (STM)?

Answer 4

Up to 20 seconds

Question 5

What happens to information if it is rehearsed in STM?

Answer 5

It is encoded in Long Term Memory (LTM)

Question 6

Which type of encoding does STM primarily use?

Answer 6

Acoustic encoding

Question 7

Which type of encoding does LTM primarily favor?

Answer 7

Semantic encoding

Question 8

What did Baddeley & Hitch develop in relation to STM?

Answer 8

Working Memory

Question 9

What are the two types of rehearsal proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin?

Answer 9

• Maintenance Rehearsal
• Elaborative Rehearsal

Maintenance Rehearsal is similar to rote learning.

Question 10

What is the ‘Magic Number’ associated with STM capacity according to Miller?

Answer 10

7 items, plus or minus 2

Question 11

What is the technique used to study the duration of STM called?

Answer 11

Brown-Peterson Technique

Question 12

What phenomenon explains why participants recall more words from the beginning and end of a list?

Answer 12

Primacy/Recency effect

Question 13

What theory explains the displacement of words in the middle of a list during recall?

Answer 13

Displacement Theory of forgetting

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The rehearsal loop can store up to _______ items of information.

Answer 14

9

Question 15

What does Elaborative Rehearsal involve?

Answer 15

Semantic encoding by thinking about the meaning of information

Question 16

True or False: The Multi Store Model was part of the Cognitive Revolution in Psychology.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

How does the rehearsal loop affect the security of information in STM?

Answer 17

The more often information is looped, the more securely it is rehearsed.

Question 18

What type of information does LTM use for encoding?

Answer 18

All types of encoding, but favors semantic

Question 19

What is the main focus of cognitive psychology as illustrated by Atkinson & Shiffrin’s model?

Answer 19

Information processing

Question 20

What is a significant issue with eyewitness testimony?

Answer 20

Eyewitnesses are notoriously unreliable in reporting events.

This can lead to wrongful convictions, as seen in cases like Ed Honacker.

Question 21

What was the outcome of Ed Honacker’s case?

Answer 21

He served 10 years for rape before DNA evidence proved his innocence.

His case highlights the fallibility of eyewitness identification.

Question 22

What factors can affect the reliability of eyewitness memory?

Answer 22

Inattention and lack of rehearsal can lead to inaccurate memories.

Traumatic events may hinder the encoding of details into long-term memory.

Question 23

What condition did Clive Wearing have?

Answer 23

He had brain damage to his hippocampus, affecting his memory.

He could remember information for about 20 seconds but could not form new memories.

Question 24

What does the Multi Store Model suggest about Clive Wearing’s memory issues?

Answer 24

It suggests an inability to rehearse information into long-term memory.

His case exemplifies the limitations of the Multi Store Model.

Question 25

What was the significance of H.M.'s case in memory research?

Answer 25

He could not make new memories after his hippocampus was damaged. ## Footnote H.M. had intact memories from before his surgery, illustrating the distinction between short-term and long-term memory.

Question 26

What does the term 'primacy effect' refer to?

Answer 26

The tendency to remember the first items in a list better than those in the middle. ## Footnote This is a key concept supporting the Multi Store Model.

Question 27

What is the capacity of short-term memory according to Miller's research?

Answer 27

7 ±2 bits or chunks of information. ## Footnote This finding underpins the understanding of memory limitations.

Question 28

What is a criticism of the Multi Store Model based on K.F.'s case?

Answer 28

K.F. could add memories to long-term memory despite having a damaged short-term memory. ## Footnote This suggests limitations in the Multi Store Model's explanation of memory.

Question 29

What is the difference between the Multi Store Model and the Working Memory Model?

Answer 29

The Working Memory Model provides a more detailed explanation of rehearsal and retrieval. ## Footnote Many psychologists consider it a refinement of the Multi Store Model.

Question 30

What does the Reconstructive Memory theory explain?

Answer 30

It explains why we misremember things, leading to false memories. ## Footnote This aspect is not addressed by the Multi Store Model.

Question 31

What is the Levels of Processing Framework?

Answer 31

It suggests that memory retention is based on the depth of processing rather than separate stores. ## Footnote Semantic encoding is deeper than acoustic or visual encoding.

Question 32

How can eyewitnesses improve their memory according to the Multi Store Model?

Answer 32

By paying close attention and using rehearsal techniques. ## Footnote Elaborative rehearsal is more effective than simple repetition.

Question 33

What practical application does the Multi Store Model have for individuals with memory impairments?

Answer 33

Techniques like writing things down and using color coding can aid memory. ## Footnote These methods help reinforce memory encoding for patients with dementia or brain damage.