The Muscular System Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the stationary end of a muscle called?
The Origin
What is the end of the muscle that moves called?
The Insertion
What is the name given to the muscle that shortens when contracting?
The Agonist (prime mover)
What is the name given to the muscle that relaxes during movement?
The Antagonist
Name the Antagonistic muscle pair at the elbow
Bicep/Tricep
Name the Antagonistic muscle pair at the knee
Quadriceps/Hamstrings
Name the Antagonistic muscle pair at the ankle
Tibialis Anterior/Gastrocnemius
Name the Antagonistic muscle pair at the hip
Gluteals and hip flexors.
Name the Antagonistic muscle pair at the shoulder
Deltoid and latissimus dorsi.
What is a Synergist?
Muscles that enable the agonist to operate effectively. This muscle works with the agonist to control and direct movement.
What is a Fixator?
Muscles that stop any unwanted movement throughout the body by stabilising a joint. Fixator muscles stabilise the origin.
What is a Isometric contraction?
When the muscles are contracting but the length does not change. The angle at the joint remains the same.
What are the two types of Isotonic contractions?
Concentric
Eccentric
What is a Concentric contraction?
This is known as the upwards phase of a movement. The muscle will get shorter/fatter during the contraction. It is often referred to as the positive phase.
What is a Eccentric contraction?
This is known as the downwards phase of a movement. The muscle will get longer/thinner during the contraction. It is often referred to as the negative phase.
List the characteristics of Type 1 fibres
-Slow twitch
-They contract slowly
-They contract with less force
-They are the most resistant to fatigue
-They are suited to longer duration, aerobic activities
-They have a rich blood supply
-They contain many mitochondria
-They have a high capacity for aerobic respiration
List the characteristics of Type 2a fibres
-They are known as fast twitch fibres/fast-oxidative fibres
-They are able to produce a great force when contracting
-They are resistant to fatigue
-They fatigue faster than type 1 fibres
-They use oxygen
-They are suited to speed, power and strength activities
List the characteristics of Type 2b fibres
-They are known as fast twitch fibres/fast-glycolytic fibres
-They produce the greatest force when contracting
-They contract rapidly
-They fatigue the quickest
-They are suited to anaerobic activities
-They depend upon anaerobic respiration
-Recruited for high intensity/short duration activities
What is the all or none law?
In order for a muscle to contract, it must receive a nerve impulse. This impulse must be sufficient to activate the motor unit.
