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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM > THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

MUSCLE

A

-GENERAL TERM FOR CONTRACTILE TISSUE
-MUS IS LATIN FOR MOUSE, THE MOVEMENT OF MUSCLES LOOK LIKE MICE UNDER YOUR SKIN
-UNDER THE DIRECTION THE MUSCLE CONTRACTS AND RELAXES TO PROVIDE MOVEMENT

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2
Q

3 MAJOR MUSCLES IN THE BODY

A

-SKELETAL
-SMOOTH
-CARDIAC

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3
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLES

A

-VOLUNTARY MUSCLES UNDER CONSCIOUS CONTROL AND DERIVE THEIR NAME FROM THE ATTACHMENT OF THE MUSCLE TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM.

-FIBERS IN THE SKELETAL SYSTEM APPEAR TO BE STRIPED OR STRIATED

-THESE MUSCLES ALLOW RUNNING, LIFTING, SCRATCHING

-THESE ARE THE MUSCLES WE TRY TO GET WHEN WORKING OUT

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4
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE

A

-INVOLUNTARY AND NOT UNDER OUR CONCIOUS CONTROL

  • SMOOTH BECAUSE IT DOES NOT HAVE STRIPED APPEARANCE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES

-FOUND IN CERTAIN ORGANS, BLOOD VESSELS AND AIRWAYS

-SOMETIMES CALLED VISCERAL MUSCLES BECAUSE FOUND IN CERTAIN ORGANS

-ALLOWS FOR INTERNAL MOVEMENT OF FOOD (PERISTALSIS) IN THE CASE OF THE STOMACH AND THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS

-ALSO FACILITATES THE MOVEMENT OF BLOOD BY CHANGING THE DIAMETER OF THE ARTERIAL BLOOD VESSELS (VASOCONSTRICTION AND VASODILATION)

-ALSO THE MOVEMENT OF AIR BY CHANGING THE DIAMETER IN AIRWAYS IN OUR LUNGS

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5
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE

A
  • INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE
  • HAS STRIATED APPEARANCE
  • FOUND SOLEY IN HEART
  • MAKES UP THE WALLS OF THE HEART AND CAUSES THE HEART TO CONTRACT WHICH CAUSE THE INTERNAL MOVEMENT (CIRCULATION) OF BLOOD WITHIN THE BODY
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6
Q

TONUS

A

THE PARTIAL CONTRACTION OF A MUSCLE WITH A RESISTANCE TO STRETCHING

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7
Q

HYPERTROPHY

A

REFERS TO INCREASED GROTH OR DEVELOPEMENT

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8
Q

FLACCID

A

WHEN MUSCLES ARE NOT USED THEY BEGIN TO LOSE THEIR TONE AND BECOME SOFT AND FLABBY

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9
Q

ATROPHY

A

MUSCLES WASTE AWAY IF NOT USED FOR EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME FROM LACK OF USE

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10
Q

EXTENSIBILITY

A

THE ABILITY TO BE STRETCHED

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11
Q

MUSCLE EXCITABILITY

A

MUSCLE RESPONSE TO STIMULATION BY EITHER NERVES OR HORMONES

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12
Q

MUSCLE ELASTICITY

A

THE ABILITY TO RETURN BACK TO ORIGINAL LENGTH AFTER BEING STRETCHED

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13
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLES

A

ARE ATTACHED TO BONES OF THE SKELETON AND PROVIDE MOVEMENT FOR YOUR BODY

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14
Q

TENDONS

A

ARE FIBROUS TISSUES THAT ATTACH SKELETAL MUSCLE TO BONES

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15
Q

LIGAMENTS

A

ATTACH BONE TO BONE

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16
Q

APONEUROSIS

A

BROAD SHEET OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT MUSCLES USE SO THEY CAN ATTACH TO A BONE OR SOFT TISSUE WITHOUT A TENDON (IN BACK MUSCLES AND FACIAL MUSCLES)

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17
Q

STRAIN

A

INJURY CAUSED BY OVERSTRETCHING THE TENDONS OR THE MUSCLES

A SEVERE STRAIN, USUALLY A COMPLETE MUSCLE OR TENDON TEAR WILL RESULT IN SEVERE PAIN, SWELLING, SEVERE BRUISING, AND OFTEN COMPLETE LOSS OF MOVEMENT

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18
Q

PULLED MUSCLE

A

SLIGHT OVERSTRETCH TO COMPLETE MUSCLE TEAR OR TENDON RAPTURE

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19
Q

TENDONITIS OR TENDINITIS

A

CHRONIC TENDON INJURIES
-RARELY INFLAMATION
-CAUSED BY OVER USE, REPETITIVE MOTION OR UNTREATED ACUTE INJURIES (TENDINITIS)
-NON INFLAMATION PATIENT, TREATMENT INCLUDES P.R.I.C.E (PROTECTION)

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20
Q

TENDINOSIS

A

DETERIORATION OF THE TENDONS DUE TO FAILURE TO REPAIR ITSELF AFTER INJURY, LEADS TO BREAKDOWN AND SCARING OF TISSUES.

-SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE IS EXPERIENCED ONCE IT HAS ADVANCED.

-SYMPTOMS INCLUDE PAIN, TENDERNESS AND STIFFNESS

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21
Q

SHIN SPLINTS

A

COMMON RUNNING RELATED INFLAMATORY INJURY OF THE EXTENSOR MUSCLES AND SURROUNDING TISSUES OF THE LEGS.

-CAN BE TREATED WITH REST, LOWER INTENSITY OF EXERCISE, ICE, BETTER FOOTWARE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICATION

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22
Q

MYALGIA

A

PAIN OR TENDERNESS IN MUSCLE

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23
Q

FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME

A

CHRONIC PAIN FOR DURATION OF 3 MONTHS, BILATERAL TENDERNESS, FATIGUE , SLEEP DISORDERS, DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND EXERCISE INTOLERANCE.

-MOST COMMON IN WOMEN

-NO INFLAMMATION INVOLVED

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24
Q

AGONISTS OR PRIMARY MOVERS

A

MUSCLES OR MUSCLE GROUPS THAT CAUSE MOVEMENT

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25
Q

POINT OF ORIGIN

A

THE END OF THE MUSCLE THAT IS ATTACHED TO THE STATIONARY BONE

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26
Q

POINT OF INSERTION

A

THE MUSCLE END THAT IS ATTACHED TO THE MOVING BONE

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27
Q

SYNERGISTIC

A

OTHER MUSCLES THAT ASSIST WITH MOVEMENT LIKE MUSCLES IN HAND AND WRIST

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28
Q

ANTAGONISTS

A

MUSCLES THAT CAUSE MOVEMENT IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION

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29
Q

DIAPHRAM

A

DOME SHAPED MUSCLE THAT SEPARATES THE ABDOMINAL AND THORACIC CAVITIES AND HELPS BRING ATMOSPHERIC AIR INTO OUR LUNGS

30
Q

ROTATION

A

CIRCULAR MOVEMENT THAT OCCURS AROUND AXIS OR MOVING HEAD LEFT TO RIGHT, RIGHT TO LEFT.

31
Q

ABDUCTION

A

TO MOVE AWAY FROM THE BODY

EX: POINTING

32
Q

ADDUCTION

A

BRINGING ARM BACK DOWN TOWARD BODY

EX: ARM BACK DOWN FROM POINTING

33
Q

EXTENSION

A

INCREASING ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES AT A JOINT.

EX: EXTENDING LEG DURING KICK

34
Q

EXTENSOR MUSCLE

A

IS THE MUSCLE THAT STRAIGHTENS THE JOINT

35
Q

FLEXION

A

OPPOSITE OF EXTENSION, DECREASE THE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES.

EX: WHEN YOU BEND YOUR LEGS TO SIT DOWN

36
Q

FLEXOR MUSCLE

A

MUSCLE THAT BENDS THE JOINT DURING FLEXION

37
Q

ATAXIA

A

CONDITION OF IRREGULAR MOVEMENT AND LACK OF MUSCLE COORDINATION

38
Q

KINESIOLOGIST

A

ONE WHO STUDIES MOVEMENT

39
Q

KINESIOTHERAPY

A

ONE WHO CAN PERFORM THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT

40
Q

EPIMYSIUM

A

a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle.

41
Q

PERIMYSIUM

A

The sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers.

42
Q

ENDOMYSIUM

A

the delicate connective tissue surrounding the individual muscular fibers within the smallest bundles.

43
Q

MYOFIBRILS

A

rod-like organelle of a muscle cell INSIDE MUSCLE FIBER, bundles of protein THREADS that contain the contractile elements of the cardiomyocyte, that is, the machinery or motor that drives contraction and relaxation.

44
Q

SACROMERES

A

CONTRACTILE UNITS. IS RESPONSIBLE FOR EACH FIBLER HAVING THE ABILITY TO CONTRACT

45
Q

MYOFILAMENTS

A

TWO FIBERS, THICK AND THIN FOUND IN SACROMERES

46
Q

MYOSIN

A

PROTEIN THAT THICK MYOFILAMENT IS MADE UP OF

47
Q

ACTIN

A

PROTEIN THE THIN MYOFILAMENTS IS MADE UP OF

48
Q

Z LINES

A

DARK BANDS GIVE STRIATED APPEARANCE TO THE SKELETAL MUSCLE

49
Q

DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

A

GENETIC INCURABLE MYOPATHY (MUSCLE DISEASE), MOST COMMON CHILDHOOD FORM OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY ESPECIALLY IN BOYS AND IS CAUSED BY A MISTAKE IN THE GENE FOR A PROTEIN CALLED DYSTROPHIN. WITHOUT DYSTROPHIN MUSCLE DEGENERATION WILL OCCUR

All types of muscle—smooth, cardiac, and skeletal—are affected.

50
Q

ELECTROMYOGRAM

A

A TEST OF MUSCLE GROUP THAT IS STIMULATED USING ELECTRICAL IMPULSE THAT CAUSE CONTRACTION. THE STRENGTH OF CONTRACTION IS RECORDED.

51
Q

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)

A

IS ENERGY MOLECULE ALONG WITH CALCIUM IS NEEDED FOR CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION

52
Q

SACROPLASMIC RETICULUM (SR)

A

MODIFIED ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, WHERE CALCIUM IS RELEASED FROM SR ALLOWING ACTIN, MYOSIN AND ATP TO INTERACT WHICH CAUSES CONTRACTION

53
Q

RIGOR MORTIS

A

When a body dies, all the stored calcium cannot be pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, excess calcium remains in the muscles throughout the body and causes the muscle fibers to shorten (contract) and stiffen the whole body. In addition, ATP is not present in a dead body to break the cross-bridges.

54
Q

MYASTHENIA

A

MUSCLE WEAKNESS. a rare chronic autoimmune disease marked by muscular weakness without atrophy, and caused by a defect in the action of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.

55
Q

MOTOR UNIT

A

A MOTOR NEURON AND ALL THE MUSCLE FIBERS IT STIMULATES

56
Q

ACETYLCHOLINE

A

A NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT DIFFUSES ACROSS THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT OCCURING IN THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION.

57
Q

LIGAND GATED

A

A CHANNEL THAT OPENS AND CLOSES WHEN A MOLECULE BINDS TO A RECEPTOR THAT IS PART OF THE CHANNEL LIKE A KEY FITTING A LOCK.

58
Q

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (ASE MEANS BREAKDOWN)

A

ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR CLEAN UP OF SYNAPSE

59
Q

TETANUS (LOCKJAW)

A

A MUSCLE DISORDER CAUSED BY AN UNTREATED BACTERIAL INFECTION OF A WOUND

60
Q

GLYCOGEN

A

RESERVED USABLE ENERGY SOURCE IF NEEDED. WHEN NEEDED THE MUSCLE CAN CONVERT GLYCOGEN TO GLUCOSE.

61
Q

FERMENTATION

A

A PROCESS USED BY THE BODY FOR INTENSE EXERCISE TO BREAK DOWN GLUCOSE AND PROVIDE ATP.

LESS EFFICIENT THAN USING GLUCOSE AND ONLY PROVIDES ENERGY FOR SHORT PERIOD OF TIME BUT DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN.

62
Q

LACTID ACID

A

BUILDS UP IN MUSCLES, CAUSING TEMPORARY MUSCLE FATIGUE, OR WEAKNESS.

63
Q

OXYGEN DEBT

A

When the body lacks the necessary oxygen to complete the process of respiration and eliminate the lactic acid,

64
Q

PHYSICAL THERAPIST

A

PROFESSIONALS (PT’S) PERFORM MANY THERAPIES, SUCH AS RANGE-OF-MOTION (ROM) EXERCISES, TO ENSURE FULL MUSCLE MOVEMENT.

65
Q

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS (OTs)

A

ASSIST CLIENTS IN USING AND ADAPTING THEIR MUSCLE FUNCTION TO PERFORM ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND IMPROVING THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE

66
Q

VISCERAL MUSCLE OR SMOOTH MUSCLE

A

FOUND IN ALL HOLLOW ORGANS SUCH AS THE STOMACH AND OTHER DIGESTIVE ORGANS, AND BLOOD VESSELS AND BRONCHIAL AIRWAYS. BUT NOT THE HEART

67
Q

VASOLILATE

A

ARTERIAL BLOOD VESSELS GET LARGER IN DIAMETER

68
Q

VASOCONSTRICT

A

ARTERIAL BLOOD VESSELS GET SMALLER IN DIAMETER

69
Q

SPHINCTER

A

SPECIAL TYPE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE THAT IS FOUND THROUGHOUT YOUR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. FOUND BETWEEN MAJOR DIGESTIVE ORGANS, BETWEEN THE ESOPHAGUS, AND STOMACH. DOUGHNUT-SHAPED MUSCLES AND ACT AS DOORWAYS TO LET MATERIALS IN AND OUT BY CONTRACTING AND RELAXING LIKE A DOOR OPENING AND THEN CLOSING.

70
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE

A

MAKE UP THE WALLS OF THE HEART, CONTRACTION OF CARDIAC MUSCLE SQUEEZES BLOOD OUT OF THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART CAUSING BLOOD TO CIRCULATE THROUGH YOUR BODY.

INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE

71
Q

INTERCALATED DISCS

A

IS WHAT CONNECTS CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBERS TOGETHER

gap junctions that link adjacent cardiac muscles so that electrical impulses can travel between cells and causes to contract almost simultaneously

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM (1 decks)

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